{"id":8055,"date":"2017-12-01T12:00:19","date_gmt":"2017-12-01T11:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=8055"},"modified":"2019-12-26T11:44:08","modified_gmt":"2019-12-26T10:44:08","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%b4%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a5%d8%b4%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 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Maghreb<\/em>, 2009, pp. 163-182.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8055_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1987 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_8055_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_8055_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8055_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">34<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8055_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c 8 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_8055_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_8055_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_8055_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_8055_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 88 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 24 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 74 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 30 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011\u060c \u0635. 1996<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 35 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 27 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627) \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2017 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifeda.org.tn\/stats\/arabe.pdf\">www.ifeda.org.tn\/stats\/arabe.pdf<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c <em>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635. 29<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c 1992\u060c \u0635.55<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">B\u00e9chir Tlili, <em>Crises et mutations dans le monde Islamo\u2013M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en contemporain (1907-1918)\u00a0: Fondements et positions des r\u00e9formistes<\/em>, Publications de la facult\u00e9 des lettres et des sciences humaines, tunis, 1978, pp. 38-40.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1875\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Olivier Paye \u00ab\u00a0La gouvernance : D&#8217;une notion polys\u00e9mique \u00e0 un concept politologique\u00a0\u00bb, <em>\u00c9tudes Internationales<\/em>, Vol.36 N\u00b0 1, 2005, pp. 13-40.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Haykel Ben Mahfoudh, <em>Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne associatif en Tunisie et au Maroc<\/em>, M\u00e9moire DEA, Facult\u00e9 des sciences juridiques, politiques et sociales de Tunis, 1995, pp. 113<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 90\/1988 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 2 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1988<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 19 &#8220;\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646&#8221;<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06312011\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 6 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2011 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 18 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hafidha Chekir, \u00ab\u00a0Quelques r\u00e9flexions sur la Cour de suret\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat\u00a0\u00bb, <em>RTD<\/em>, 1980, p. 189.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Larbi Chouikha et Eric Gobe, \u00ab\u00a0Les organisations de droits de l\u2019homme dans la formule politique tunisienne : acteurs de l\u2019opposition ou faire valoir du r\u00e9gime\u00a0\u00bb, <em>L\u2019ann\u00e9e du Maghreb<\/em>, 2009, pp. 163-182.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 25\/1992 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 2 \u0623\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644 1992.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 13918 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2003.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 25 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1992 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 2 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1992<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 3 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2009. \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 02 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u06312009\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 30 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 74\u060c \u0635 1996.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a 8 \u06489 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2012 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c<strong> &#8220;<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/dM7zF9\">goo.gl\/dM7zF9<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 3 \u06484 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 21 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 88 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c<strong> &#8220;<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 7 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1959 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 8. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 9 (\u0646\u0642\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 90 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 2 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1988) \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644&#8221; \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lamechaml.org\">www.lamechaml.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f 5183 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2013 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 18 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 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\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u060c 18 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c 8 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1999 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/z9YTo5\">goo.gl\/z9YTo5<\/a>\u00a0 . \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2009 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/zG3b2U\">goo.gl\/zG3b2U<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8055_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8055_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8055_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c<strong> &#8220;<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_8055_1() { 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