{"id":6056,"date":"2019-07-31T10:17:51","date_gmt":"2019-07-31T08:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=6056"},"modified":"2019-09-06T15:30:07","modified_gmt":"2019-09-06T13:30:07","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0643 &#8220;\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645&#8221;. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2011 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a&#8221;. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 3 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0638\u0641\u062a (\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">R\u00e9my Leveau, <em>Le Fellah marocain, d\u00e9fenseur du tr\u00f4ne<\/em>, Paris, Presses de la FNSP, 1985.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976)\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Abderrahmane Rachik, <em>Ville et pouvoirs au Maroc<\/em>, Casablanca, Ed. Afrique-Orient, 1995.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Myriam Catusse, <em>Le temps des entrepreneurs\u00a0? Politique et transformations du capitalisme au Maroc<\/em>, Tunis\/Paris, IRMC\/Maisonneuve et Larose, 2008.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Abelghani Abouhani, <em>Pouvoirs, villes et notabilit\u00e9s locales. Quand les notables font les villes<\/em>, Rabat, INAU\/URBAMA, 1999. Aziz El Iraki, <em>Des notables du Makhzen \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9preuve de la gouvernance : \u00e9lites locales, territoires, gestion urbaine et d\u00e9veloppement au Maroc : cas de trois villes moyennes de la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest<\/em>, Paris, L&#8217;Harmattan, 2003.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Myriam Catusse and Lamia Zaki, \u00ab\u00a0Gestion communale et client\u00e9lisme au Maroc\u00a0: les politiques du Parti de la Justice et du D\u00e9veloppement\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Critique internationale<\/em>, 2009\/1, n\u00b042.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mounia Bennani-Chra\u00efbi, <em>Soumis et rebelles, les jeunes au Maroc<\/em>, Paris, CNRS Ed, 1994.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0644\u062e)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 (&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Myriam Catusse, Raffaele Cattedra, M\u2019Hammed Idrissi Janati, \u201cDecentralization and its paradoxes in Morocco\u201d, in B. Driesken, F. Mermier et H. Wimmen. <em>Cities of the South<\/em>, Saqi Book, 2007.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a [\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629] \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2011 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u2013 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f (\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 40 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Myriam Catusse, Raffaele Cattedra, M\u2019Hammed Idrissi Janati, \u201cDecentralization and its paradoxes in Morocco\u201d, op. Cit.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0633\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 113-14 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2015 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a [\u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646] (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 (\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633) (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 11).<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 1). \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 269 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 6 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 119). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 120) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 113-14 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 273 \u0648275 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\/\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a] (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 277). \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 274 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a 1997 \u2013 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0630 2009). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631) \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 [\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a] \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 136 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201ctutelle\u201d (\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629&#8221;) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 68).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 &#8220;\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644) (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643) \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 69 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 2009 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 &#8220;\u0625\u0644\u0627&#8221; \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 20 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 118 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 113-14 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 (\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\/\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646) \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 [\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a] (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 115 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 113-14) \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a [\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629]: \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2011 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 140 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 [\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629] \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 113-14 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629&#8221; (\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629) (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 85). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 113-4 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629: (\u0623) \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b (\u0628) \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 90 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 91 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221; [\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644] \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 140) \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 113-14 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629] (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 88 \u064889). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 87 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 113-14 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 [\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644]\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 113-14\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 (\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 87 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 39 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629] &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8230; \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629&#8221;).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 43)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 113-14. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f (\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0643\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 12 \u062c\u0647\u0629 (\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 16 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 135 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 9 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a 111-14 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646: (\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u061b (\u0628) \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628]) \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a]\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629\/\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644&#8221; [\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644\/\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644]\u060c &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221;\u061b &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629&#8221;). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0639&#8221; \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 111-14 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 94). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627] \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a) \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 [\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627]&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (3.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 1% \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633) \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a). \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0640 22 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2017-2027 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Etude d\u2019\u00e9valuation des besoins en investissements des communes urbaines au Maroc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a 2007\u060c \u062d\u064f\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a 2017).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0627 5% \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u064820% \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 10 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0623\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f 12 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 2018 (\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 (AREPs) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 145 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 [\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a] \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629] \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629] \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 &#8220;\u0628\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (&#8230;) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647&#8221;. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 2019. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.village-justice.com\/articles\/gouverneur-maroc-discordance-entre-temps-decentralisation-temps-deconcentration,29874.html\">\u00ab\u00a0La discordance entre &#8220;le temps&#8221; de la d\u00e9centralisation et &#8220;le temps&#8221; de la d\u00e9concentration chez le gouverneur marocain\u00a0\u00bb, Hicham Berjaoui, Village de la Justice, November 5, 2018.<\/a> \u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a (7 \u0645\u0646 12 \u062c\u0647\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: PAM and Istiqlal \u0648Tafra, op. cit..<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629] \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641: (\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b (\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b (\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u061b \u0648(\u062b) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 20 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 46).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: (\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645&#8221; \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u061b (\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641 3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 23).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6056_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 31).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6056_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 30). \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a) (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 26). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 28).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 36). \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a]. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\/\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629). \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a 2 \u06483 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2019. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_6056_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_6056_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_6056_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_6056_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">R\u00e9my Leveau, <em>Le Fellah marocain, d\u00e9fenseur du tr\u00f4ne<\/em>, Paris, Presses de la FNSP, 1985.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abderrahmane Rachik, <em>Ville et pouvoirs au Maroc<\/em>, Casablanca, Ed. Afrique-Orient, 1995.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Myriam Catusse, <em>Le temps des entrepreneurs\u00a0? Politique et transformations du capitalisme au Maroc<\/em>, Tunis\/Paris, IRMC\/Maisonneuve et Larose, 2008.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abelghani Abouhani, <em>Pouvoirs, villes et notabilit\u00e9s locales. Quand les notables font les villes<\/em>, Rabat, INAU\/URBAMA, 1999. Aziz El Iraki, <em>Des notables du Makhzen \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9preuve de la gouvernance : \u00e9lites locales, territoires, gestion urbaine et d\u00e9veloppement au Maroc : cas de trois villes moyennes de la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest<\/em>, Paris, L&#8217;Harmattan, 2003.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Myriam Catusse and Lamia Zaki, \u00ab\u00a0Gestion communale et client\u00e9lisme au Maroc\u00a0: les politiques du Parti de la Justice et du D\u00e9veloppement\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Critique internationale<\/em>, 2009\/1, n\u00b042.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mounia Bennani-Chra\u00efbi, <em>Soumis et rebelles, les jeunes au Maroc<\/em>, Paris, CNRS Ed, 1994.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Myriam Catusse, Raffaele Cattedra, M\u2019Hammed Idrissi Janati, \u201cDecentralization and its paradoxes in Morocco\u201d, in B. Driesken, F. Mermier et H. Wimmen. <em>Cities of the South<\/em>, Saqi Book, 2007.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Myriam Catusse, Raffaele Cattedra, M\u2019Hammed Idrissi Janati, \u201cDecentralization and its paradoxes in Morocco\u201d, op. Cit.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 68).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 87 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 39 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629] &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8230; \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629&#8221;).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (3.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 1% \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633) \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a). \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0640 22 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2017-2027 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Etude d\u2019\u00e9valuation des besoins en investissements des communes urbaines au Maroc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a 2007\u060c \u062d\u064f\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a 2017).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.village-justice.com\/articles\/gouverneur-maroc-discordance-entre-temps-decentralisation-temps-deconcentration,29874.html\">\u00ab\u00a0La discordance entre &#8220;le temps&#8221; de la d\u00e9centralisation et &#8220;le temps&#8221; de la d\u00e9concentration chez le gouverneur marocain\u00a0\u00bb, Hicham Berjaoui, Village de la Justice, November 5, 2018.<\/a> \u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a (7 \u0645\u0646 12 \u062c\u0647\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: PAM and Istiqlal \u0648Tafra, op. cit..<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 46).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6056_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6056_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 31).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_6056_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_6056_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_6056_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_6056_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_6056_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_6056_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_6056_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_6056_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_6056_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_6056_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_6056_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_6056_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_6056_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_6056_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":6203,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[166,13],"class_list":["post-6056","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12","tag-166","tag-13"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/6056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/6056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6517,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/6056\/revisions\/6517"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}