{"id":4976,"date":"2018-07-04T12:00:37","date_gmt":"2018-07-04T10:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev84049.arab-reform.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=4976"},"modified":"2019-06-20T18:01:19","modified_gmt":"2019-06-20T16:01:19","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0651\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a 14 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/beta.ins.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf_actualites\/gouvernance%20%287%29.pdf\">72% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2012 \u00a0\u06482013 \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/festunis.org\/media\/2014\/pdf\/Rapport%20LTDH_final.pdf\">\u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/a> 173 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064841 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2012 (\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649)\u060c \u064897 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2012 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 28 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2013. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.babnet.net\/cadredetail-135285.asp\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 12 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u064f\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 2011 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 <\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a (\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0623\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a (15 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011) \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0633\u064a (27\u00a0 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 -24 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a (24 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011- 13 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2013 ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 (13 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2013- 29 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a 06\u00a0 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2013. \u0648\u0641\u064a 25 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2013 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 (29 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014- 6 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2015) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (23 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2014). \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f (06 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2015- 27 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2016) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f (27\u00a0\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u06332016- \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unfpa-tunisie.org\/images\/stories\/2014\/pdfs\/16-24_1.pdf\">\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.credif.org.tn\/index.php?lang=ar-AA\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0641<\/a>\u201c\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2012. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2014 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 34 \u064846.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 34 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2014 \u0641\u0625\u0646 &#8220;\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 46 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alchourouk.com\/70469\/151\/1\/\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0632\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640 15,522\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0651\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 15 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 28 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644&#8221;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2012 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2015\/11\/12\/283370\">\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 (\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648 \u2013 (CEDAW \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2014. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 46 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2015 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 23 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 40 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1975 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1975 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.turess.com\/attounissia\/171501\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.turess.com\/attounissia\/171501\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 27 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.tn\/detailtexte\/D%C3%A9cret%20Gouvernemental-num-2016-626-du-25-05-2016-jort-2016-045__20160450062632\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644<\/a>&#8220;. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 21 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2014. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiotunisienne.tn\/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-16-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84-2\/\">\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 16 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/a>&#8221; \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 25 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 10 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0634 \u0646\u0633\u0643\u062a&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B9juKescTZSMXzNXUkJxOGFBVzg\/view\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2011-2015 \u0625\u0644\u0649 53.3%. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u062b\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0646 47% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 18 \u064864 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646\u064e \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/GGGR2015\/cover.pdf\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 127\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (119) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (123)\u060c \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0640 20 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2010 <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2010.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/a> 107 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (103) \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (110). \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0641\u064a 2015 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 145 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 2010 \u0639\u0644\u0649 134 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 16 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 35 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2011 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2sKRHwy\">\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/syg_rdt_l_mjls_lshb_mshrw_qnwn_lnf_dd_lmr_.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a 13 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2016 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d <a href=\"http:\/\/legal-agenda.com\/uploads\/LA%20TUNIS%2006.pdf\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0649 <a href=\"http:\/\/ar.webmanagercenter.com\/2014\/12\/05\/61020\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u064019 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1993 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c<\/strong> \u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0635.15 -16.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2011.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 5 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 19 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 43 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2013 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 21 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 30 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>) \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A\">\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a<\/a>) \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/a>) \u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/a>) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0634\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064a<\/a>) \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/a> ).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0651\u062d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2ycAalH\">\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/a>.&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u00a0\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 10 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1984.\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644 4 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a 1998 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2016\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2Jv34Q6\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/a> \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/documents\/mde30\/3717\/2016\/ar\/\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a 2016 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2wQxW7p\">\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2hFlMIq\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2016\u060c \u0639\u0646 6 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2016. \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 &#8220;\u0628\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 05 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2016 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e) \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u00a0 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2gAYrb9\">\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/a> \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2JpiZU9\"> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2015\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a <a href=\"http:\/\/reform.tn\/ar\/about\/\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 4 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2013.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2yH8oOW\">\u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646<\/a>. \u0648\u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/archive.alchourouk.com\/148593\/691\/0\/\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628&#8221;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2015\/07\/31\/279832\">\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a.\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a &#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2015\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a 1991\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0642\u062a\u0644&#8221; \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644&#8221; \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 46 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 6 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2005 \u0641\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a 1991 \u0636\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644&#8221;.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a 21 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2008 \u0623\u0646\u0647&#8221; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0623 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627&#8221;. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c 8 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2008\u060c \u0635. 5<strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0661\u0664 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1959). \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.turess.com\/city\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 21 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 14 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2007 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">&#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 25 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c<\/strong> 6 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2008\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645<strong>.<\/strong><strong>&#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<\/strong>\u060c 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2008.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2008 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 23 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0641\u064a 2013 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2015\/07\/31\/279832\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0635\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0639\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2y8i9WP\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d&#8221; (\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"http:\/\/majles.marsad.tn\/2014\/fr\/docs\/55d3497212bdaa20aa5b44f8\">\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 7000 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d&#8221; <a href=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/QzUVBw\">\u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/majles.marsad.tn\/2014\/chroniques\/5773818dcf441234909a82b4\">\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062b\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asf.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ASF_TUN_R--gionVictime_201506_EN.pdf\">\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2015 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 37% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 5% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0631 23% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 8% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 70% \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tunisia-live.net\/2016\/01\/21\/analysts-question-government-intervention-as-protests-grow\/#sthash.SAvulrYt.dpufv\">\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/AR\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/Vienna.aspx\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/arab\/HRM-CH-20.pdf\">\u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c .. \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Emna Jablaoui. 2012. \u201cLe r\u00f4le de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile dans la transition d\u00e9mocratique: Suivi des acteurs des droits de l\u2019homme\u201d. L\u2019Observatoire Tunisien de la Transition D\u00e9mocratique. p. 337.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2hFljpg\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011\u060c \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a 1977\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 2011. \u0648\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4200 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 3000 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a 2008 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1994 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a 2011 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0632\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4976_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Emna Jablaoui. \u201cLe r\u00f4le de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u201d. p. 337-. 338.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4976_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2xBSJ3e\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2013 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2t3pwsN\">\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 06 \u064813 \u064824 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2013&#8221;. \u0648\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 21 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 24 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2015 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645. \u0641\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar\/20151009-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81\">\u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>Mohamed Kerrou. 2012. \u00ab\u00a0<em>les<\/em> <em>nouveaux<\/em> <em>acteurs<\/em> <em>de<\/em> <em>la<\/em> <em>r\u00e9volution<\/em> <em>et<\/em> <em>de<\/em> <em>la<\/em> <em>transition<\/em> <em>politique\u00a0:<\/em> La transition d\u00e9mocratique en Tunisie : Les Acteurs\u00a0\u00bb. L\u2019Observatoire Tunisien de la Transition D\u00e9mocratique. p. 218.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4976_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4976_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_4976_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_4976_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a (15 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011) \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0633\u064a (27\u00a0 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 -24 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a (24 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011- 13 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2013 ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 (13 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2013- 29 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a 06\u00a0 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2013. \u0648\u0641\u064a 25 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2013 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 (29 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014- 6 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2015) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (23 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2014). \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f (06 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2015- 27 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2016) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f (27\u00a0\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u06332016- \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 34 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2014 \u0641\u0625\u0646 &#8220;\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 46 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 46 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2015 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 23 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 40 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1975 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1975 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a 2015 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 145 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 2010 \u0639\u0644\u0649 134 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 16 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 35 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2011 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c<\/strong> \u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0635.15 -16.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 5 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 19 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 43 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2013 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 21 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>) \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A\">\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a<\/a>) \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/a>) \u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/a>) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0634\u064a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064a<\/a>) \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/a> ).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 4 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0642\u062a\u0644&#8221; \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644&#8221; \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 46 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 6 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2005 \u0641\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a 1991 \u0636\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2008 \u0623\u0646\u0647&#8221; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0623 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627&#8221;. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c 8 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2008\u060c \u0635. 5<strong>.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">&#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 25 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c<\/strong> 6 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2008\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645<strong>.<\/strong><strong>&#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<\/strong>\u060c 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2008.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Emna Jablaoui. 2012. \u201cLe r\u00f4le de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile dans la transition d\u00e9mocratique: Suivi des acteurs des droits de l\u2019homme\u201d. L\u2019Observatoire Tunisien de la Transition D\u00e9mocratique. p. 337.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4976_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4976_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Emna Jablaoui. \u201cLe r\u00f4le de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u201d. p. 337-. 338.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_4976_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_4976_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_4976_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_4976_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_4976_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_4976_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4976_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_4976_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_4976_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_4976_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_4976_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_4976_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_4976_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_4976_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":5818,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[15,11],"class_list":["post-4976","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12","tag-15","tag-11"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/4976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/4976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5822,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/4976\/revisions\/5822"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}