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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4906_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4906_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4906_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4906_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4906_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4906_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c 27 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2016. \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:\u00a0<a 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fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0650\u0644\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4906_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4906_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4906_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Peggy Levitt Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion, The International Migration Review, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Winter, 1998).Available at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/is.muni.cz\/el\/1423\/jaro2012\/SAN202\/um\/SocialRemittances_MigrationDrivenLocal-LevelFormsofCulturalDiffusion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is.muni.cz<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> 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\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_4906_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_4906_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4906_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kathleen Newland and Hiroyuki Hiroyuki, Mobilizing Diaspora Entrepreneurship for Development, Migration Policy Institute, 2010. Available at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/research\/mobilizing-diaspora-entrepreneurship-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">migrationpolicy.org<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4906_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064d\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4906_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4906_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_4906_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_4906_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 (Sheffer\u060c Gabriel)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: Croom Helam\u060c 1986.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c 27 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2016. \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabamerica.com\/syrian-refugees-send-remittances-back-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arabamerica.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UOSSOM\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.uossm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">uossm.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.odi.org\/publications\/8714-international-and-localdiaspora-actors-syria-response\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">odi.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c 2014. \u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0632\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 International Political Economy\u060c 2012.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Peggy Levitt Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion, The International Migration Review, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Winter, 1998).Available at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/is.muni.cz\/el\/1423\/jaro2012\/SAN202\/um\/SocialRemittances_MigrationDrivenLocal-LevelFormsofCulturalDiffusion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is.muni.cz<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kathleen Newland and Hiroyuki Hiroyuki, Mobilizing Diaspora Entrepreneurship for Development, Migration Policy Institute, 2010. Available at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/research\/mobilizing-diaspora-entrepreneurship-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">migrationpolicy.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2001, \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/casi.sas.upenn.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/bio\/uploads\/Diasporas_and_Technology_Transfer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">casi.sas.upenn.edu<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_4906_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4906_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0622\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c Alliance Magazine Diaspora Philanthropy\u060c 6 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_4906_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_4906_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_4906_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_4906_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_4906_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_4906_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4906_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_4906_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_4906_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_4906_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_4906_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_4906_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_4906_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_4906_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":2125,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[72,182],"class_list":["post-4906","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12","tag-72","tag-182"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/4906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/4906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4915,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/4906\/revisions\/4915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}