{"id":42296,"date":"2026-03-13T13:17:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T12:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=42296"},"modified":"2026-03-13T13:19:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T12:19:11","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%b0%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a8%d8%b0%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_42296_1('footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_42296_1('footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_42296_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 2018\u20132023 INRAT.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_42296_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_42296_1('footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_42296_1('footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_42296_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 Kacem Chammakhi and Mohamed Ali Dridi, Actual Seed Situation in Tunisia: Agronomics Crops and Vegetables\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/q.datakultur.se\/~svalofco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Tunisia-Seed-Sector-Status-Paper.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/q.datakultur.se\/~svalofco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Tunisia-Seed-Sector-Status-Paper.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_42296_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 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(2017). Agricultural Heritage and Local Knowledge in Tunisia<em>.<\/em> University of Tunis.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_42296_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 99-42 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a 1999\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_42296_1('footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_42296_1('footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_42296_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Bank (1995). Tunisia Agricultural Sector Adjustment Loan Report<em>. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3yeenbfc\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3yeenbfc<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_42296_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062f. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629: <em>&#8220;\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f\u2026 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_42296_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_42296_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_42296_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_42296_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_42296_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 2018\u20132023 INRAT.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_42296_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Kacem Chammakhi and Mohamed Ali Dridi, Actual Seed Situation in Tunisia: Agronomics Crops and Vegetables\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/q.datakultur.se\/~svalofco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Tunisia-Seed-Sector-Status-Paper.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/q.datakultur.se\/~svalofco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Tunisia-Seed-Sector-Status-Paper.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_42296_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Ben Othman, S. (2017). Agricultural Heritage and Local Knowledge in Tunisia<em>.<\/em> University of Tunis.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_42296_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">World Bank (1995). Tunisia Agricultural Sector Adjustment Loan Report<em>. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3yeenbfc\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3yeenbfc<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_42296_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_42296_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_42296_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0628\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 <\/strong><strong>MECAS<\/strong><strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f7\/1\u060c 2011. <\/strong>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649<a href=\"https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/9612\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/9612<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_42296_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_42296_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_42296_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_42296_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_42296_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_42296_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_42296_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_42296_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_42296_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_42296_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_42296_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_42296_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_42296_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_42296_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":42295,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[535,247,15],"class_list":["post-42296","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-535","tag-247","tag-15"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/42296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/42296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42297,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/42296\/revisions\/42297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}