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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rabaoui, Lotfi, Rym Balti, Rami Zrelli, and Souha Tlig-Zouari. 2014. \u201cAssessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) Using Four Mollusk Species.\u201d <em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em> 15 (1): 45\u201358.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12681\/mms.504\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12681\/mms.504<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u201c<em>Pollution in Gab\u00e8s: between impossible justice and citizen anger<\/em>.\u201d <em>Webmanagercenter<\/em>, October 29, 2025. Accessed December 21, 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2025\/10\/29\/554602\/pollution-a-gabes-entre-justice-impossible-et-colere-citoyenne\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2025\/10\/29\/554602\/pollution-a-gabes-entre-justice-impossible-et-colere-citoyenne\/<\/span> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2025\/10\/29\/554602\/pollution-a-gabes-entre-justice-impossible-et-colere-citoyenne\/\">WMC<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646 41 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Atoui, Mounir, and Belgacem Agoubi. 2022. \u201cAssessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Pollution Risk Using AVI, SPI, and RGPI Indexes: Applied to Southern Gabes Aquifer System, Tunisia.\u201d <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/em> 29 (33): 50881\u201350894. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-19309-5<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0644 500 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (\u0628\u064a\u0643).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Khlifi, Kamel B. Abdesslem. 2025. \u201cSocial representations of air pollution risks in Bouchemma and El-Zarat (Gab\u00e8s): A sociological study within the framework of risk society theory.\u201d <em>Journal index of exploratory studies<\/em> 19 (September). Berlin: Democratic Arabic Center GmbH. ISSN 2701-9233.<a href=\"https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=106359&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=106359<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 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type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 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Kwass. 2024. &#8220;Pollution in the Gab\u00e8s region: correlation with the evolution of acute community-acquired pneumonia.&#8221; <em>Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualit\u00e9s<\/em> 16 (1): 211\u2013212. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmra.2023.11.435<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 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\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630\u064d \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><strong>Diane <\/strong>Robert, \u201cPollution, get lost!\u201d A geographical approach to protests linked to industrial pollution in post-2011 Tunisia, <em>Carnets de g\u00e9ographes <\/em>[Online], 18 | 2024, Online since December 2, 2024, connection on December 21, 2025. URL: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/cdg\/10740;<\/span> DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/12suz\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/12suz<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">David Harvey, \u201cGlobalization and the \u2018spatial fix\u2019,\u201d <em>Geographische Revue: Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Literatur und Diskussion<\/em> 3, no. 2 (2001): 23\u201330.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> : \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629 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col\u00e8re monte apr\u00e8s de nouvelles intoxications par le Groupe chimique tunisien \u00e0 <\/em>Gab\u00e8s\u201d [Anger <em>rises in Tunisia after new cases of poisoning by the Tunisian Chemical Group in Gab\u00e8s<\/em>], <em>Le Monde<\/em>, October 13, 2025, accessed December 21, 2025<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642. 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sociales contre le complexe chimique apr\u00e8s des cas d\u2019asphyxie, \u00bb <em>Tunisie Focus<\/em>, 11 octobre 2025.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2025\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 (\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters. 2025. \u201cOnce an idyll, Tunisian protest hotspot Gabes now an environmental \u2018nightmare\u2019.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 20, 2025.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2025 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629: \u0641\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Le Monde<\/em>. 2025. \u201cSurge in Tunisia poisoning cases shakes Kais Saied\u2019s presidency.\u201d <em>Le Monde<\/em> (Le Monde Africa), October 22, 2025.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 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\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00bb.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bessin, M., Bidart, C. et Grossetti, M. (2009). 1. Les bifurcations, un \u00e9tat de la question en sociologie. Dans M. Grossetti, M. Bessin et C. Bidart Bifurcations : Les sciences sociales face aux ruptures et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement (p. 23-35). La D\u00e9couverte. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/dec.bessi.2009.01.0023.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a 30 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 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\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>Business News.<\/em> 2025. \u00ab Crise environnementale \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s : Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed parle d\u2019\u2018environnement sacrifi\u00e9\u2019. \u00bb <em>Business News \/ Turess<\/em>, 30 septembre 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turess.com\/fr\/businessnews\/151873\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.turess.com\/fr\/businessnews\/151873<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (21 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025)\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>\u00a0<\/em>Ben H\u00e9di, Raouf. 2025. \u00ab Face \u00e0 la crise de Gab\u00e8s, Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed d\u00e9nonce \u2018les corrompus\u2019 et promet des r\u00e9sultats. \u00bb <em>Business News<\/em>, 21 octobre 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/businessnews.com.tn\/2025\/10\/22\/face-a-la-crise-de-gabes-kais-saied-denonce-les-corrompus-et-promet-des-resultats\/1368818\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/businessnews.com.tn\/2025\/10\/22\/face-a-la-crise-de-gabes-kais-saied-denonce-les-corrompus-et-promet-des-resultats\/1368818\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631: \u0644\u0645 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tarek Amara. 2025. \u201cGeneral strike, protests paralyse Tunisia\u2019s Gabes over pollution crisis.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 21, 2025.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0638\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Monia Ben Hamadi, \u201cSurge in Tunisia Poisoning Cases Shakes Kais Saied\u2019s Presidency,\u201d <em>Le Monde<\/em>, October 22, 2025, accessed December 21, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2025\/10\/22\/surge-in-tunisia-poisoning-cases-shakes-kais-saied-s-presidency_6746669_124.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2025\/10\/22\/surge-in-tunisia-poisoning-cases-shakes-kais-saied-s-presidency_6746669_124.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 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\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lakhal, Malek. 2023. \u00ab Tunisie : La nation et ses traitres\u2219ses \u00bb. <em>Arab Reform Initiative<\/em>, 12 d\u00e9cembre 2023. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%ae%d9%88%d9%8e%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%87\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/fr\/publication\/tunisie-la-nation-et-ses-traitres%E2%88%99ses\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; 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S. d. \u00ab Tunisie : manifestations contre une usine dans le sud apr\u00e8s des cas d\u2019asphyxie \u00bb. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/information.tv5monde.com\/afrique\/tunisie-manifestations-contre-une-usine-dans-le-sud-apres-des-cas-dasphyxie-2793576?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/information.tv5monde.com\/afrique\/tunisie-manifestations-contre-une-usine-dans-le-sud-apres-des-cas-dasphyxie-2793576<\/span><\/a>.; Le Monde. 2025. \u00ab Tunisie : autour de l\u2019usine de phosphates de Gab\u00e8s, le nombre d\u2019intoxications explose et la col\u00e8re enfle \u00bb. 16 octobre 2025. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2025\/10\/16\/tunisie-autour-de-l-usine-de-phosphates-de-gabes-le-nombre-d-intoxications-explose-et-la-colere-enfle_6647104_3212.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2025\/10\/16\/tunisie-autour-de-l-usine-de-phosphates-de-gabes-le-nombre-d-intoxications-explose-et-la-colere-enfle_6647104_3212.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jeune Afrique. S. d. \u00ab En Tunisie, des dizaines d\u2019arrestations \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s apr\u00e8s des manifestations anti-pollution \u00bb. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1732323\/politique\/en-tunisie-des-dizaines-darrestations-a-gabes-apres-des-manifestations-anti-pollution\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1732323\/politique\/en-tunisie-des-dizaines-darrestations-a-gabes-apres-des-manifestations-anti-pollution\/<\/span><\/a>.; F\u00e9d\u00e9ration internationale pour les droits humains (FIDH). S. d. \u00ab Tunisie : la r\u00e9pression des manifestations pacifiques \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s doit \u2026 \u00bb. 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Paris : La D\u00e9couverte.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_31');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">31<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Della Porta, Donatella. \u00ab\u00a013. 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CAIRN.INFO, shs.cairn.info\/les-violences-politiques-en-europe&#8211;9782707164582-page-271?lang=fr..<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b &#8211; 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(2015). Chapitre 6 \/ Les mouvements sociaux. Politique(s) du conflit : De la gr\u00e8ve \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution (p. 193-232). Presses de Sciences Po. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/politique-s-du-conflit&#8211;9782724618006-page-193?lang=fr.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_35');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_35');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">35<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><strong>Touraine, Alain.<\/strong>\u00a0<em>La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 post-industrielle : naissance d&#8217;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>. 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(2012). Processus de cadrage et mouvements sociaux\u00a0: pr\u00e9sentation et bilan. 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_53');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">53<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_53\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_53').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_53', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b-\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 Stop Pollution\u2013Gab\u00e8s \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pm.gov.tn\/ar\/article\/lqa-ryys-aljmhwryt-qys-syd-m-alsywdt-sart-alzfrany-alznzry-ryyst-alhkwmt-4<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629. 2025. \u00ab \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 3 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u00bb. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 16 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 21 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2025\/4\/16\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"> <span 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type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_59').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_59', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_60');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_60');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">60<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_60\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tilly, Charles.\u00a0<em>Les Mouvements sociaux, 1768-2004 : Des luttes locales \u00e0 la politique globale<\/em>. Traduit par Laurent Jeanpierre. Paris : Seuil, 2006.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_60').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_60', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 &#8220;WUNC displays&#8221; (Worthiness: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c Unity: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c Numbers: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c Commitment: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b Stop Pollution \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2013\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633)\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: &#8220;\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633&#8221;\u060c &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644)\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 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\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 29 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2017 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630)\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_61');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_61');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">61<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_61\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_61').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_61', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a 21 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_62');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_62');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">62<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_62\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a. 2025. \u00ab \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00bb. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 21 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2025\/10\/21\/\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628-\u0639\u0627\u0645-\u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629-\u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0629-\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\"> <span 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\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_63');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_63');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_63\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">63<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_63\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Pepicelli, R., 2021. \u00ab \u2018People Want a Clean Environment\u2019 : Historical Roots of the Environmental Crisis and the Emergence of Eco-Resistances in Tunisia \u00bb. Studi Magrebini, vol. 19, n\u00b0 1, p. 37-62.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_63').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_63', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b&#8221; \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a (\u0644\u0627 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cellpadding=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b-\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 &#8220;Stop Pollution-Gab\u00e8s&#8221; \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d &#8220;Manich Msameh&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_64');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_41941_1('footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_64');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_64\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">64<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_64\" 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_65').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_65', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">67<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_67\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_67').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_41941_1_67', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b Stop Pollution-Gab\u00e8s \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_41941_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_41941_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_41941_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_41941_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (GCT)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u064b\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629). \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Stop Pollution\u2013Gab\u00e8s \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a 5 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2012 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Saied, Saoussen, and Karim Lahmar. 2021. &#8220;<em>Ecological planning for the environment: The case of the cities of Gab\u00e8s and M&#8217;Torrech (southeastern Tunisia).<\/em>&#8221; <em>European Scientific Journal<\/em> 17 (14): 300\u2013311.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rabaoui, Lotfi, Rym Balti, Rami Zrelli, and Souha Tlig-Zouari. 2014. \u201cAssessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) Using Four Mollusk Species.\u201d <em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em> 15 (1): 45\u201358.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12681\/mms.504\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12681\/mms.504<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u201c<em>Pollution in Gab\u00e8s: between impossible justice and citizen anger<\/em>.\u201d <em>Webmanagercenter<\/em>, October 29, 2025. Accessed December 21, 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2025\/10\/29\/554602\/pollution-a-gabes-entre-justice-impossible-et-colere-citoyenne\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2025\/10\/29\/554602\/pollution-a-gabes-entre-justice-impossible-et-colere-citoyenne\/<\/span> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2025\/10\/29\/554602\/pollution-a-gabes-entre-justice-impossible-et-colere-citoyenne\/\">WMC<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Atoui, Mounir, and Belgacem Agoubi. 2022. \u201cAssessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Pollution Risk Using AVI, SPI, and RGPI Indexes: Applied to Southern Gabes Aquifer System, Tunisia.\u201d <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/em> 29 (33): 50881\u201350894. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-19309-5<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Khlifi, Kamel B. Abdesslem. 2025. \u201cSocial representations of air pollution risks in Bouchemma and El-Zarat (Gab\u00e8s): A sociological study within the framework of risk society theory.\u201d <em>Journal index of exploratory studies<\/em> 19 (September). Berlin: Democratic Arabic Center GmbH. ISSN 2701-9233.<a href=\"https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=106359&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=106359<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Robert, Diane. 2020. &#8220;The restructuring of local mobilization against industrial pollution in post-2011 Tunisia: countering pollution and territorial injustices?&#8221; <em>Universitas<\/em> 2: 443-452.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abdenneji, S., S. Majdoub Fehri, and H. Kwass. 2024. &#8220;Pollution in the Gab\u00e8s region: correlation with the evolution of acute community-acquired pneumonia.&#8221; <em>Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualit\u00e9s<\/em> 16 (1): 211\u2013212. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmra.2023.11.435<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><strong>Diane <\/strong>Robert, \u201cPollution, get lost!\u201d A geographical approach to protests linked to industrial pollution in post-2011 Tunisia, <em>Carnets de g\u00e9ographes <\/em>[Online], 18 | 2024, Online since December 2, 2024, connection on December 21, 2025. URL: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/cdg\/10740;<\/span> DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/12suz\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/12suz<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">David Harvey, \u201cGlobalization and the \u2018spatial fix\u2019,\u201d <em>Geographische Revue: Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Literatur und Diskussion<\/em> 3, no. 2 (2001): 23\u201330.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Driss Rejichi, <em>\u201cEn Tunisie, la col\u00e8re monte apr\u00e8s de nouvelles intoxications par le Groupe chimique tunisien \u00e0 <\/em>Gab\u00e8s\u201d [Anger <em>rises in Tunisia after new cases of poisoning by the Tunisian Chemical Group in Gab\u00e8s<\/em>], <em>Le Monde<\/em>, October 13, 2025, accessed December 21, 2025<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Gab\u00e8s : manifestations et grognes sociales contre le complexe chimique apr\u00e8s des cas d\u2019asphyxie, \u00bb <em>Tunisie Focus<\/em>, 11 octobre 2025.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. 2025. \u201cOnce an idyll, Tunisian protest hotspot Gabes now an environmental \u2018nightmare\u2019.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 20, 2025.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Le Monde<\/em>. 2025. \u201cSurge in Tunisia poisoning cases shakes Kais Saied\u2019s presidency.\u201d <em>Le Monde<\/em> (Le Monde Africa), October 22, 2025.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bessin, M., Bidart, C. et Grossetti, M. (2009). 1. Les bifurcations, un \u00e9tat de la question en sociologie. Dans M. Grossetti, M. Bessin et C. Bidart Bifurcations : Les sciences sociales face aux ruptures et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement (p. 23-35). La D\u00e9couverte. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/dec.bessi.2009.01.0023.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Business News.<\/em> 2025. \u00ab Crise environnementale \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s : Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed parle d\u2019\u2018environnement sacrifi\u00e9\u2019. \u00bb <em>Business News \/ Turess<\/em>, 30 septembre 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turess.com\/fr\/businessnews\/151873\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.turess.com\/fr\/businessnews\/151873<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u00a0<\/em>Ben H\u00e9di, Raouf. 2025. \u00ab Face \u00e0 la crise de Gab\u00e8s, Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed d\u00e9nonce \u2018les corrompus\u2019 et promet des r\u00e9sultats. \u00bb <em>Business News<\/em>, 21 octobre 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/businessnews.com.tn\/2025\/10\/22\/face-a-la-crise-de-gabes-kais-saied-denonce-les-corrompus-et-promet-des-resultats\/1368818\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/businessnews.com.tn\/2025\/10\/22\/face-a-la-crise-de-gabes-kais-saied-denonce-les-corrompus-et-promet-des-resultats\/1368818\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tarek Amara. 2025. \u201cGeneral strike, protests paralyse Tunisia\u2019s Gabes over pollution crisis.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 21, 2025.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Monia Ben Hamadi, \u201cSurge in Tunisia Poisoning Cases Shakes Kais Saied\u2019s Presidency,\u201d <em>Le Monde<\/em>, October 22, 2025, accessed December 21, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2025\/10\/22\/surge-in-tunisia-poisoning-cases-shakes-kais-saied-s-presidency_6746669_124.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2025\/10\/22\/surge-in-tunisia-poisoning-cases-shakes-kais-saied-s-presidency_6746669_124.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lakhal, Malek. 2023. \u00ab Tunisie : La nation et ses traitres\u2219ses \u00bb. <em>Arab Reform Initiative<\/em>, 12 d\u00e9cembre 2023. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%ae%d9%88%d9%8e%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%87\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/fr\/publication\/tunisie-la-nation-et-ses-traitres%E2%88%99ses\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">TV5MONDE. S. d. \u00ab Tunisie : manifestations contre une usine dans le sud apr\u00e8s des cas d\u2019asphyxie \u00bb. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/information.tv5monde.com\/afrique\/tunisie-manifestations-contre-une-usine-dans-le-sud-apres-des-cas-dasphyxie-2793576?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/information.tv5monde.com\/afrique\/tunisie-manifestations-contre-une-usine-dans-le-sud-apres-des-cas-dasphyxie-2793576<\/span><\/a>.; Le Monde. 2025. \u00ab Tunisie : autour de l\u2019usine de phosphates de Gab\u00e8s, le nombre d\u2019intoxications explose et la col\u00e8re enfle \u00bb. 16 octobre 2025. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2025\/10\/16\/tunisie-autour-de-l-usine-de-phosphates-de-gabes-le-nombre-d-intoxications-explose-et-la-colere-enfle_6647104_3212.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2025\/10\/16\/tunisie-autour-de-l-usine-de-phosphates-de-gabes-le-nombre-d-intoxications-explose-et-la-colere-enfle_6647104_3212.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jeune Afrique. S. d. \u00ab En Tunisie, des dizaines d\u2019arrestations \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s apr\u00e8s des manifestations anti-pollution \u00bb. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1732323\/politique\/en-tunisie-des-dizaines-darrestations-a-gabes-apres-des-manifestations-anti-pollution\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1732323\/politique\/en-tunisie-des-dizaines-darrestations-a-gabes-apres-des-manifestations-anti-pollution\/<\/span><\/a>.; F\u00e9d\u00e9ration internationale pour les droits humains (FIDH). S. d. \u00ab Tunisie : la r\u00e9pression des manifestations pacifiques \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s doit \u2026 \u00bb. Consult\u00e9 le 21 d\u00e9cembre 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fidh.org\/fr\/regions\/maghreb-moyen-orient\/tunisie\/tunisie-la-repression-des-manifestations-pacifiques-a-gabes-doit?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.fidh.org\/fr\/regions\/maghreb-moyen-orient\/tunisie\/tunisie-la-repression-des-manifestations-pacifiques-a-gabes-doit<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Neveu, Erik. 2020. <em>Sociologie des mouvements sociaux<\/em>. 7\u1d49 \u00e9d. Paris : La D\u00e9couverte.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Della Porta, Donatella. \u00ab\u00a013. Mouvements sociaux et violence politique\u00a0\u00bb. Les violences politiques en Europe Un \u00e9tat les lieux, La D\u00e9couverte, 2010. p.271-291. CAIRN.INFO, shs.cairn.info\/les-violences-politiques-en-europe&#8211;9782707164582-page-271?lang=fr..<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0648\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tilly, C. et Tarrow, S. (2015). Chapitre 6 \/ Les mouvements sociaux. Politique(s) du conflit : De la gr\u00e8ve \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution (p. 193-232). Presses de Sciences Po. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/politique-s-du-conflit&#8211;9782724618006-page-193?lang=fr.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><strong>Touraine, Alain.<\/strong>\u00a0<em>La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 post-industrielle : naissance d&#8217;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>. Paris : Deno\u00ebl, 1969.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646. 2019. \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0634 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u00bb. \u0641\u064a <em>\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Benford, R.-D., Snow, D.-A. et Plouchard, N.-M. (2012). Processus de cadrage et mouvements sociaux\u00a0: pr\u00e9sentation et bilan. Politix, 99(3), 217-255. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/pox.099.0217.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_40');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_41');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Badiou, Alain.\u00a0<em>M\u00e9tapolitique : R\u00e9flexions sur la pens\u00e9e philosophique de l&#8217;existence politique<\/em>. Paris : \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 1998.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_42');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>42<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 Stop Polution-Gab\u00e8s).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_43');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>43<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zo\u00e9 Vernin, \u00ab Gab\u00e8s : \u201cLa petite Tchernobyl de Tunisie\u201d revendique son droit de vivre \u00bb, <em>Forum Tunisien pour les Droits \u00c9conomiques et Sociaux (FTDES)<\/em>, 28 juin 2017, consult\u00e9 le 20 d\u00e9cembre 2025.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_44');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>44<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_45');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>45<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 Stop Polution-Gab\u00e8s)\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_46');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>46<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633: &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629&#8221;\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_47');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>47<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a Stop Polution-Gab\u00e8s)\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_48');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>48<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_49');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>49<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_50');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>50<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u00ab\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633: &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<em>\u00bb\u060c<\/em> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_51');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>51<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_52');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>52<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_53');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>53<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_54');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>54<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_55');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>55<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Charles Tilly et Sidney Tarrow, <em>La politique du conflit<\/em>, trad. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joly (Paris : Armand Colin, 2016), p. 197.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_56');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>56<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b-\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633&#8221; <em>Stop Pollution &#8211; Gab\u00e8s <\/em>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 Facebook \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u064f\u062d\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_57');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>57<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_58');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>58<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633). 2025. \u00ab \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u00bb. <em>pm.gov.<\/em>tn\u060c 15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 21 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/pm.gov.tn\/ar\/article\/lqa-ryys-aljmhwryt-qys-syd-m-alsywdt-sart-alzfrany-alznzry-ryyst-alhkwmt-4\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pm.gov.tn\/ar\/article\/lqa-ryys-aljmhwryt-qys-syd-m-alsywdt-sart-alzfrany-alznzry-ryyst-alhkwmt-4<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629. 2025. \u00ab \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 3 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u00bb. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 16 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 21 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2025\/4\/16\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2025\/4\/16\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_59');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>59<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u062f\u0625\u0646 LinkedIn (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u062f\u0625\u0646 LinkedIn \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_60');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>60<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tilly, Charles.\u00a0<em>Les Mouvements sociaux, 1768-2004 : Des luttes locales \u00e0 la politique globale<\/em>. Traduit par Laurent Jeanpierre. Paris : Seuil, 2006.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_61');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>61<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_62');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>62<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a. 2025. \u00ab \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00bb. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 21 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2025\/10\/21\/\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628-\u0639\u0627\u0645-\u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629-\u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0629-\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2025\/10\/21\/\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628-\u0639\u0627\u0645-\u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629-\u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0629-\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_63\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_63');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>63<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Pepicelli, R., 2021. \u00ab \u2018People Want a Clean Environment\u2019 : Historical Roots of the Environmental Crisis and the Emergence of Eco-Resistances in Tunisia \u00bb. Studi Magrebini, vol. 19, n\u00b0 1, p. 37-62.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_64\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_64');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>64<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_65\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_65');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>65<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_66\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_66');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>66<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_67\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_67');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>67<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_41941_1_68\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_41941_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_41941_1_68');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>68<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_41941_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_41941_1').show(); 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