{"id":40292,"date":"2025-10-17T12:10:03","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T10:10:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=40292"},"modified":"2025-10-22T09:56:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T07:56:40","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 8 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 13 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u06485 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a 66 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 4200 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 16 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064d \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (UNDP\u060c 2025). \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (El Nahra\u060c 2024\u061b World Bank\u060c 2025a). \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (Al Jazeera\u060c 2025). \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064f\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 4500 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 (Arab News\u060c 2025)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0641\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 267 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b (Chaaban\u060c2025a ). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0641\u0651\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628 (Amnesty International\u060c 2025). \u0646\u0632\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 99 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 (IOM\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064014 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 6.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 (World Bank\u060c2025a ).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_40292_1('footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_40292_1('footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_40292_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_40292_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 11 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0651\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 207 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 98 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u00a0\u00a0(World Bank\u060c2025a ). \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0 (World Bank\u060c2025a ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_40292_1('footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_40292_1('footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_40292_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (2020) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 93 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (2025) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06401,253.98 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a <sub>(<\/sub><sub>p<\/sub><sub>)<\/sub>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_40292_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2006.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_40292_1('footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_40292_1('footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_40292_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2006\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a 34 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0634\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1100 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 (Verdeil\u060c 2008\u061b World Bank\u060c 2007).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_40292_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 (World Bank\u060c 2007). \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u062c\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 2.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 (World Bank\u060c 2007). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 2023-2024 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 (CNRS-L\u060c 2024). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 67 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 4.8 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 (World Bank\u060c 2025a). \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 400 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648500 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0640150 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 (Tsagas\u060c 2024). \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 3989 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636 32160 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 (CNRS-L\u060c 2024). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0628 2023-2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 (Ahmad et al\u060c2021 )\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f (Verdeil\u060c 2008\u061b Zbeeb\u060c 2021). \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2025 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 4) \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a 15 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Takom Energy) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_40292_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_40292_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_40292_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_40292_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_40292_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_40292_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (2020) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 93 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (2025) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06401,253.98 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a <sub>(<\/sub><sub>p<\/sub><sub>)<\/sub>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_40292_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_40292_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_40292_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2006\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a 34 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0634\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1100 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 (Verdeil\u060c 2008\u061b World Bank\u060c 2007).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_40292_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_40292_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_40292_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_40292_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_40292_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_40292_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_40292_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_40292_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_40292_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_40292_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_40292_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_40292_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_40292_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_40292_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":40302,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[331,84],"class_list":["post-40292","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12","tag-331","tag-84"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/40292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/40292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40426,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/40292\/revisions\/40426"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}