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\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UN Security Council Report, <em>United Nations Approach to Transitional Justice<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/TJ_Guidance_Note_March_2010FINAL.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/TJ_Guidance_Note_March_2010FINAL.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">International Center for Transitional Justice, <em>How Context Shapes Transitional Justice in Fractured Societies<\/em>, 2017,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/syriaaccountability.org\/content\/images\/wordpress\/ICTJ_Book_JusticeMosaics_2017.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/syriaaccountability.org\/content\/images\/wordpress\/ICTJ_Book_JusticeMosaics_2017.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Javier Mariezcurrena, eds., <em>Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, 2006.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 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Interactions between Transitional Justice and Constitution-Building\u201d, <em>International IDEA Policy Paper No. 22<\/em>, International IDEA, 2019.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 &#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">De Greiff, Pablo, Duthie, Roger, \u201cTransitional Justice and Development: Making Connections\u201d, Social Science Research Council, June 2009.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/HR-PUB-13-05.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/HR-PUB-13-05.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">David A. Crocker, \u201cReckoning with Past Wrongs: A Normative Framework\u201d, <em>Ethics &amp; International Affairs<\/em> 13 (1999), pp. 43-64, doi:10.1111\/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00326.x<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>II. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627&#8221;: \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 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\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">OHCHR, <em>Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (PRAIS) \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2004.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Elizabeth Lira, \u201cReparation Policies in Chile\u201d, in <em>The Politics of Memory in Chile<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 209-234,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/26106\/chapter-abstract\/194098865?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/26106\/chapter-abstract\/194098865?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 1448)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Law 1448 of 2011, <em>Victims and Land Restitution Law<\/em>, (By which measures of attention, assistance and integral reparation are dictated to the victims of the internal armed conflict and other provisions are dictated)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a 10 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Amnesty International, <em>Colombia: The Victims and Land Restitution Law: An Amnesty International Analysis<\/em>, AMR 23\/018\/2012, 2012,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/amr230182012en.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/amr230182012en.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 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\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Law 1448 of 2011, <em>Victims and Land Restitution Law<\/em>, By which measures of attention, assistance and integral reparation are dictated to the victims of the internal armed conflict and other provisions are dictated\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (South Africa), <em>Truth and Reconciliation Commission<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/<\/span><\/a>\/<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Parliament of South Africa, \u201cMedia Statement: Justice Committee Cautiously Optimistic About TRC Prosecutions Progress\u201d, 20 May 2025,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.gov.za\/press-releases\/media-statement-justice-committee-cautiously-optimistic-about-trc-prosecutions-progress\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.parliament.gov.za\/press-releases\/media-statement-justice-committee-cautiously-optimistic-about-trc-prosecutions-progress<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a 30 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>Taipei Times<\/em>, \u201cCivil Servants to Take Transitional Justice Courses\u201d, 16 July 2023,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/front\/archives\/2023\/07\/16\/2003803247\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/front\/archives\/2023\/07\/16\/2003803247<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan), <em>Implementation of the National Action Program for Transitional Justice Education and Promotion of Educational Efforts in This Area<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/english.moe.gov.tw\/cp-48-39453-990a4-1.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/english.moe.gov.tw\/cp-48-39453-990a4-1.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 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type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>III. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b 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href=\"https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/j\/gcj\/transitional\/257569.htm\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/j\/gcj\/transitional\/257569.htm<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">United States Institute of Peace (USIP), <em>Transitional Justice: Information Handbook<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ROL\/Transitional_justice_final.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ROL\/Transitional_justice_final.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', 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Lustration\u201d, 2017, doi:10.4337\/9781781955314.00030.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>IV. 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\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UNESCO, <em>Recommendation on Education for Peace, Human Rights and Sustainable Development<\/em>, 2023,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000391686_eng\/PDF\/391686eng.pdf.multi.page=3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000391686_eng\/PDF\/391686eng.pdf.multi.page=3<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 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\u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 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(\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (PRAIS)<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627, 2018\u061b \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2007 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u061b \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 (UARIV)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645 (NSARV)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2012\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1448 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u061b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 (UARIV\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (URT)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645 (NSARV)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2012\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1448 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u061b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 (NCHM)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645 (NSARV)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2012\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1448 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c 2012 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c 2018 (\u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629)\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c 2010 (\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 (IPOA)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629)\u061b \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 2010 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u061b \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0628\u061b \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c 2020\u061b \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c 2022 (\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647)\u061b \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 (\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2022 (\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amnesty International. (2012). <em>Colombia: The Victims and Land Restitution Law: An Amnesty International analysis<\/em>. AMR 23\/018\/2012. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/amr230182012en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/amr230182012en.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Constitution of Kenya. (2010). Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.parliament.go.ke\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-05\/The%2520Constitution%2520of%2520Kenya.pdf\">https:\/\/www.parliament.go.ke\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-05\/The%20Constitution%20of%20Kenya.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. (n.d.). <em>Truth and Reconciliation Commission<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/\">https:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs. (2018, January 15). <em>Human Rights Protection Department Established at MIA<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/police.ge\/en\/useful-information\/news\/human-rights-protection-department-established-at-mia-0\/\">https:\/\/police.ge\/en\/useful-information\/news\/human-rights-protection-department-established-at-mia-0\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>ICTJ (International Center for Transitional Justice). (2007). <em>Reparations in Chile: An Overview<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.ictj.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ICTJ-Reparations-Chile-Overview-2007-English.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ictj.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ICTJ-Reparations-Chile-Overview-2007-English.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross). (2022). <em>Iraq: Implementing International Humanitarian Law<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/document\/iraq-implementing-international-humanitarian-law\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/document\/iraq-implementing-international-humanitarian-law<\/a> (This is a general article; a more specific governmental source on the IHL Section would be ideal if available).<\/li>\n<li>IPOA (Independent Policing Oversight Authority). (n.d.). <em>About Us<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/ipoa.go.ke\/about-us\/\">https:\/\/ipoa.go.ke\/about-us\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Judiciary of Kenya. (n.d.). <em>Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.judiciary.go.ke\/about-us\/judges-and-magistrates-vetting-board\/\">https:\/\/www.judiciary.go.ke\/about-us\/judges-and-magistrates-vetting-board\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Law 1448 of 2011. <em>Por la cual se dictan medidas de atenci\u00f3n, asistencia y reparaci\u00f3n integral a las v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado interno y se dictan otras disposiciones<\/em> [By which measures of attention, assistance and integral reparation are dictated to the victims of the internal armed conflict and other provisions are dictated]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf\">https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lira, E. (2018). Reparation Policies in Chile. In <em>The Politics of Memory in Chile<\/em> (pp. 209-234). Oxford Academic.<\/li>\n<li>Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan). (n.d.-b). <em>Implementation of the National Action Program for Transitional Justice Education and promotion of educational efforts in this area<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/english.moe.gov.tw\/cp-48-39453-990a4-1.html\">https:\/\/english.moe.gov.tw\/cp-48-39453-990a4-1.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Parliament of South Africa. (2025, May 20). <em>Media Statement: Justice Committee Cautiously Optimistic About TRC Prosecutions Progress<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.gov.za\/press-releases\/media-statement-justice-committee-cautiously-optimistic-about-trc-prosecutions-progress\">https:\/\/www.parliament.gov.za\/press-releases\/media-statement-justice-committee-cautiously-optimistic-about-trc-prosecutions-progress<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Republic of China (Taiwan) Government Portal. (n.d.). <em>Agencies<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.taiwan.gov.tw\/gov\/organ_en.php\">https:\/\/www.taiwan.gov.tw\/gov\/organ_en.php<\/a> (This provides an overview of government structure; more specific info on a &#8220;Transitional Justice Board&#8221; might be needed if it&#8217;s a distinct entity post-TJC).<\/li>\n<li>Taipei Times. (2020, May 22). <em>Schools to include lessons on state-inflicted violence<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/taiwan\/archives\/2020\/05\/22\/2003736853\">https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/taiwan\/archives\/2020\/05\/22\/2003736853<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Taipei Times. (2022, May 31). <em>Transitional Justice Commission disbands, tasks passed to government agencies<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/taiwan\/archives\/2022\/05\/31\/2003779373\">https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/taiwan\/archives\/2022\/05\/31\/2003779373<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Taipei Times. (2023, July 16). <em>Civil servants to take transitional justice courses<\/em>. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/front\/archives\/2023\/07\/16\/2003803247\">https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/front\/archives\/2023\/07\/16\/2003803247<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (NCTJ)<\/h2>\n<table cellpadding=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>13 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/constitutionnet.org\/vl\/item\/constitutional-declaration-syria-2025\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 49 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>17 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sana.sy\/en\/?p=355958\">\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 20 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=2281056412291992\">\u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0632<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>31 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SyTransitionalJustice\/posts\/pfbid02Um3JzJaM4javvXYmEChCa6Z1b47uqrrPmejV3N7jXkrj5cFS5iyKdMjyoGq75LL5l\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>13 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SyTransitionalJustice\/posts\/pfbid027Yu8pPoMGg7kYaFHZwi6PqRThX6sWWtR1SXFzasCmfVAidDLp62fLTPELFRMHbj2l\">\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SyTransitionalJustice\/posts\/pfbid04xxMhMSx3obQTEtMKu1f29Jc9qfpMAnzEDD516omwXFrPMJkMRX9WpmdT83WhrYZl\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/a> \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39581_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39581_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sana.sy\/en\/?p=355958\">\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d<\/a> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/mde24\/0167\/2025\/en\/\">\u0641\u0647\u0645\u062a<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u062f&#8221;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_39581_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_39581_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_39581_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_39581_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OHCHR, <em>About Transitional Justice and Human Rights<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/transitional-justice\/about-transitional-justice-and-human-rights\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/transitional-justice\/about-transitional-justice-and-human-rights<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UN Security Council Report, <em>United Nations Approach to Transitional Justice<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/TJ_Guidance_Note_March_2010FINAL.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/TJ_Guidance_Note_March_2010FINAL.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">International Center for Transitional Justice, <em>How Context Shapes Transitional Justice in Fractured Societies<\/em>, 2017,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/syriaaccountability.org\/content\/images\/wordpress\/ICTJ_Book_JusticeMosaics_2017.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/syriaaccountability.org\/content\/images\/wordpress\/ICTJ_Book_JusticeMosaics_2017.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Javier Mariezcurrena, eds., <em>Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, 2006.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Amanda Cats-Baril, \u201cMoving Beyond Transitions to Transformation: Interactions between Transitional Justice and Constitution-Building\u201d, <em>International IDEA Policy Paper No. 22<\/em>, International IDEA, 2019.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">De Greiff, Pablo, Duthie, Roger, \u201cTransitional Justice and Development: Making Connections\u201d, Social Science Research Council, June 2009.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OHCHR, <em>Transitional Justice and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights<\/em>, United Nations, 2014,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/HR-PUB-13-05.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/HR-PUB-13-05.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">David A. Crocker, \u201cReckoning with Past Wrongs: A Normative Framework\u201d, <em>Ethics &amp; International Affairs<\/em> 13 (1999), pp. 43-64, doi:10.1111\/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00326.x<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OHCHR, <em>Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Elizabeth Lira, \u201cReparation Policies in Chile\u201d, in <em>The Politics of Memory in Chile<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 209-234,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/26106\/chapter-abstract\/194098865?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/26106\/chapter-abstract\/194098865?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Law 1448 of 2011, <em>Victims and Land Restitution Law<\/em>, (By which measures of attention, assistance and integral reparation are dictated to the victims of the internal armed conflict and other provisions are dictated)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Amnesty International, <em>Colombia: The Victims and Land Restitution Law: An Amnesty International Analysis<\/em>, AMR 23\/018\/2012, 2012,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/amr230182012en.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/amr230182012en.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Law 1448 of 2011, <em>Victims and Land Restitution Law<\/em>, By which measures of attention, assistance and integral reparation are dictated to the victims of the internal armed conflict and other provisions are dictated\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/reparations.qub.ac.uk\/assets\/uploads\/Victims-Law-1448-2011.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (South Africa), <em>Truth and Reconciliation Commission<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/<\/span><\/a>\/<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Parliament of South Africa, \u201cMedia Statement: Justice Committee Cautiously Optimistic About TRC Prosecutions Progress\u201d, 20 May 2025,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.gov.za\/press-releases\/media-statement-justice-committee-cautiously-optimistic-about-trc-prosecutions-progress\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.parliament.gov.za\/press-releases\/media-statement-justice-committee-cautiously-optimistic-about-trc-prosecutions-progress<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Taipei Times<\/em>, \u201cCivil Servants to Take Transitional Justice Courses\u201d, 16 July 2023,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/front\/archives\/2023\/07\/16\/2003803247\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/front\/archives\/2023\/07\/16\/2003803247<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan), <em>Implementation of the National Action Program for Transitional Justice Education and Promotion of Educational Efforts in This Area<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/english.moe.gov.tw\/cp-48-39453-990a4-1.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/english.moe.gov.tw\/cp-48-39453-990a4-1.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">US Department of State, <em>Transitional Justice Overview<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/j\/gcj\/transitional\/257566.htm\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/j\/gcj\/transitional\/257566.htm<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">US Department of State, <em>Lustration and Vetting<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/j\/gcj\/transitional\/257569.htm\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/j\/gcj\/transitional\/257569.htm<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OHCHR, <em>Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/ReparationsProgrammes.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">United States Institute of Peace (USIP), <em>Transitional Justice: Information Handbook<\/em>, n.d.,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ROL\/Transitional_justice_final.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ROL\/Transitional_justice_final.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">&#8220;A Framework for Assessing Political Willing in Transitional Justice Contexts&#8221;, n.d., \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/331185315_A_framework_for_assessing_political_will_in_transitional_justice_contexts\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/331185315_A_framework_for_assessing_political_will_in_transitional_justice_contexts<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cynthia Horne, \u201cTransitional Justice: Vetting and Lustration\u201d, 2017, doi:10.4337\/9781781955314.00030.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UNESCO, <em>Recommendation on Education for Peace, Human Rights and Sustainable Development<\/em>, 2023,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000391686_eng\/PDF\/391686eng.pdf.multi.page=3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000391686_eng\/PDF\/391686eng.pdf.multi.page=3<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UN Secretary-General, <em>Guidance Note of the Secretary-General: United Nations Approach to Transitional Justice<\/em>, n.d<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39581_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39581_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39581_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_39581_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_39581_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_39581_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_39581_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_39581_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_39581_1').text('+'); } function 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