{"id":39424,"date":"2025-08-13T12:10:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T10:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=39424"},"modified":"2025-08-13T12:10:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T10:10:39","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0641\u064e\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 13 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u061f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b &#8220;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062c.\u0633.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Public Works Studio, \u201cAbout Us\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/about-us\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/about-us\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u201d.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Edward W. Soja, \u201cThe City and Spatial Justice\u201d [La Ville et la Justice Spatiale], Sophie Didier and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dufaux (trans.), <em>Justice Spatiale-Spatial Justice<\/em>, no. 1, (2009), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jssj.org\/article\/la-ville-et-la-justice-spatiale\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jssj.org\/article\/la-ville-et-la-justice-spatiale<\/span><\/a>\/<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Stephen Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d, In <em>Theorising Justice: A Primer for Social Scientists<\/em>, Johanna Ohlsson and Stephen Przybylinski eds., Bristol University Press, 2023, pp. 191\u2013204, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51952\/9781529232233.ch012\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51952\/9781529232233.ch012<\/span><\/a> [Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d]<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8211; \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 &#8211; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631. \u0625\u0630\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Edward W. Soja, <em>Seeking Spatial Justice<\/em>, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, p. 7.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u00a0\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39418\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39418\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-39418\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-1-720x326.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-1-720x326.jpg 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-1-768x348.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39418\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u063a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0639\u062f \u00a9 2017.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39421\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39421\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39421 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-2-720x406.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-2-720x406.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-2-768x433.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/08\/25180225\/Picture-2.png 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39421\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u063a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0639\u062f \u00a9 2017.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0646 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 &#8211; \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 8 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a [\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629] \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u201d.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rayan Alaeddine and Asmaa Ghrawi, \u201cMap of Israeli Attacks on Lebanon 2023\u201d<em>,<\/em> Public Works Studio, July 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/map-of-israeli-attacks-on-lebanon-2023\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/map-of-israeli-attacks-on-lebanon-2023\/<\/span><\/a> [Aleddine and Ghrawi, \u201cMap of Israeli Attacks on Lebanon 2023\u201d]<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 429 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 8 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 \u062d\u062a\u0649 31 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06312024 .<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 429 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 23 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a 31 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 4,047 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062d 16,638\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 (NNA)\u060c &#8220;4,047 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064816,638 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 4 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mnm88tcw\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mnm88tcw<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201c\u060c 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2ecv56yy\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2ecv56yy<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\ufffc \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 (\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u201d.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Stop Ecocide International, \u201cHistoric Moment as Independent Expert Panel Launches Definition of Ecocide\u201d, June 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stopecocide.earth\/legal-definition\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.stopecocide.earth\/legal-definition<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 8 (2) (\u0628) (\u0628) (4) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c <em>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 2021\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-05\/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-05\/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .\u0648\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 9 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><\/a>\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0640\u064a&#8221;\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/asp.icc-cpi.int\/states-parties\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/asp.icc-cpi.int\/states-parties<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Aleddine and Ghrawi, \u201cMap of Israeli Attacks on Lebanon 2023\u201d.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 8 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2,000 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 1,200 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">National Center for Natural Hazards and Early Warning (NCNE), <em>Report on Israeli Offensive against Lebanon<\/em> <em>2023-2024,<\/em> National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS-L), December 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs.edu.lb\/english\/publication\/cnrsbooks\/war-report-2023-2024\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cnrs.edu.lb\/english\/publication\/cnrsbooks\/war-report-2023-2024<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u0625\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647&#8221;. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0628\u00a0 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u00a0 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u201d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d &#8220;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 8 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 \u064831 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 316 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u201d.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 23 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 316 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 (\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221;: &#8220;\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062c\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u201d. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u00a0&#8220;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Roberto Rocco, Juliana E. Gon\u00e7alves and Hugo Lopez (eds.), <em>The Spatial Justice Handbook<\/em>. TU Delft Open Publishing, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.12598019\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.12598019<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">NNA, \u201c4,047 Martyrs and 16,638 Wounded\u201d; Hanna Duggal and Marium Ali, \u201cMapping Israeli Attacks on Lebanon\u2019s Healthcare System\u201d, <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, 17 November 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mrxhmr5s\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mrxhmr5s<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064d \u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Antoine Kallab and Leila Rossa Mouawad, \u201cAddressing the Socio-Environmental Impact of White Phosphorous Ammunition in South Lebanon: Analysis and Risk Mitigation Strategies\u201d, American University of Beirut Nature Conservation Center, November 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/natureconservation\/Documents\/Brief%20WP%20English.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/natureconservation\/Documents\/Brief%20WP%20English.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0641\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0641\u062a\u064e\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Charlie Lawrence Jones, \u201cUrbicide: The Killing of a City is an Attack on the Human Condition\u201d, <em>City Monitor<\/em>, 23 January 2018, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.citymonitor.ai\/analysis\/urbicide-killing-city-attack-human-condition-3617\/?cf-view<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Martin Coward, <em>Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction<\/em>, Routledge, 2009, p. 35. [Coward, <em>Urbicide<\/em>]<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642&#8221;. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064f\u0648\u0651\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 23 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639&#8221;. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 [\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629] \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064d \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u2013 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">L\u2019Orient Today, \u201cInterior Minister Orders Opening of Schools as Shelters for Displaced from Southern Lebanon\u201d, 23 September 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3x95h284\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3x95h284<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 16 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Displacement Tracking Matrix, \u201cLebanon: Middle East and North Africa\u201d, International Orgnization for Migration, <a href=\"https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/lebanon\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/lebanon<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 21 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 138,211 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 12 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0641 155,942 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 84 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Displacement Tracking Matrix, <em>Mobility Snapshot \u2013 Round 64<\/em>, International Orgnization for Migration, 21 November 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/reports\/mobility-snapshot-round-64-21-11-2024\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/reports\/mobility-snapshot-round-64-21-11-2024<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (2009) \u0625\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Coward, <em>Urbicide<\/em>, p. 14.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a 27 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 &#8211; \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651 \u00a0\u0647\u0648: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u061f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221; \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Land Policy Observatory, \u201cLand Policies in Lebanon: Timeline\u201d, Public Works Studio, <a href=\"https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/observatory\/land-policies\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/observatory\/land-policies\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c &#8220;\u0641\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621&#8221;. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 50 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 75 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a&#8221;. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><em>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><em>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u061b<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648&#8221;\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39424_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39424_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f &#8220;\u062c. \u0633.&#8221; \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642: &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citymonitor.ai\/analysis\/urbicide-killing-city-attack-human-condition-3617\/?cf-view\">https:\/\/www.citymonitor.ai\/analysis\/urbicide-killing-city-attack-human-condition-3617\/?cf-view<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_39424_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_39424_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_39424_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_39424_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062c.\u0633.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Public Works Studio, \u201cAbout Us\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/about-us\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/about-us\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Edward W. Soja, \u201cThe City and Spatial Justice\u201d [La Ville et la Justice Spatiale], Sophie Didier and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dufaux (trans.), <em>Justice Spatiale-Spatial Justice<\/em>, no. 1, (2009), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jssj.org\/article\/la-ville-et-la-justice-spatiale\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jssj.org\/article\/la-ville-et-la-justice-spatiale<\/span><\/a>\/<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Stephen Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d, In <em>Theorising Justice: A Primer for Social Scientists<\/em>, Johanna Ohlsson and Stephen Przybylinski eds., Bristol University Press, 2023, pp. 191\u2013204, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51952\/9781529232233.ch012\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51952\/9781529232233.ch012<\/span><\/a> [Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d]<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Edward W. Soja, <em>Seeking Spatial Justice<\/em>, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, p. 7.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rayan Alaeddine and Asmaa Ghrawi, \u201cMap of Israeli Attacks on Lebanon 2023\u201d<em>,<\/em> Public Works Studio, July 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/map-of-israeli-attacks-on-lebanon-2023\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/map-of-israeli-attacks-on-lebanon-2023\/<\/span><\/a> [Aleddine and Ghrawi, \u201cMap of Israeli Attacks on Lebanon 2023\u201d]<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 429 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 23 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a 31 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 (NNA)\u060c &#8220;4,047 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064816,638 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 4 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mnm88tcw\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mnm88tcw<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201c\u060c 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2ecv56yy\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2ecv56yy<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Stop Ecocide International, \u201cHistoric Moment as Independent Expert Panel Launches Definition of Ecocide\u201d, June 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stopecocide.earth\/legal-definition\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.stopecocide.earth\/legal-definition<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 8 (2) (\u0628) (\u0628) (4) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c <em>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <\/em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 2021\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-05\/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-05\/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0640\u064a&#8221;\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/asp.icc-cpi.int\/states-parties\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/asp.icc-cpi.int\/states-parties<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Aleddine and Ghrawi, \u201cMap of Israeli Attacks on Lebanon 2023\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">National Center for Natural Hazards and Early Warning (NCNE), <em>Report on Israeli Offensive against Lebanon<\/em> <em>2023-2024,<\/em> National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS-L), December 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs.edu.lb\/english\/publication\/cnrsbooks\/war-report-2023-2024\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cnrs.edu.lb\/english\/publication\/cnrsbooks\/war-report-2023-2024<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 23 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 316 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Roberto Rocco, Juliana E. Gon\u00e7alves and Hugo Lopez (eds.), <em>The Spatial Justice Handbook<\/em>. TU Delft Open Publishing, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.12598019\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.12598019<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">NNA, \u201c4,047 Martyrs and 16,638 Wounded\u201d; Hanna Duggal and Marium Ali, \u201cMapping Israeli Attacks on Lebanon\u2019s Healthcare System\u201d, <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, 17 November 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mrxhmr5s\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mrxhmr5s<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Antoine Kallab and Leila Rossa Mouawad, \u201cAddressing the Socio-Environmental Impact of White Phosphorous Ammunition in South Lebanon: Analysis and Risk Mitigation Strategies\u201d, American University of Beirut Nature Conservation Center, November 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/natureconservation\/Documents\/Brief%20WP%20English.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/natureconservation\/Documents\/Brief%20WP%20English.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Charlie Lawrence Jones, \u201cUrbicide: The Killing of a City is an Attack on the Human Condition\u201d, <em>City Monitor<\/em>, 23 January 2018, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.citymonitor.ai\/analysis\/urbicide-killing-city-attack-human-condition-3617\/?cf-view<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Martin Coward, <em>Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction<\/em>, Routledge, 2009, p. 35. [Coward, <em>Urbicide<\/em>]<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">L\u2019Orient Today, \u201cInterior Minister Orders Opening of Schools as Shelters for Displaced from Southern Lebanon\u201d, 23 September 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3x95h284\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3x95h284<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Displacement Tracking Matrix, \u201cLebanon: Middle East and North Africa\u201d, International Orgnization for Migration, <a href=\"https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/lebanon\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/lebanon<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Displacement Tracking Matrix, <em>Mobility Snapshot \u2013 Round 64<\/em>, International Orgnization for Migration, 21 November 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/reports\/mobility-snapshot-round-64-21-11-2024\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/reports\/mobility-snapshot-round-64-21-11-2024<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Coward, <em>Urbicide<\/em>, p. 14.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Land Policy Observatory, \u201cLand Policies in Lebanon: Timeline\u201d, Public Works Studio, <a href=\"https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/observatory\/land-policies\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/publicworksstudio.com\/en\/observatory\/land-policies\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39424_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39424_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Przybylinski, \u201cSpatial Justice\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_39424_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_39424_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_39424_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_39424_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_39424_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_39424_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_39424_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_39424_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_39424_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_39424_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_39424_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_39424_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_39424_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_39424_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":39418,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[253],"tags":[84],"class_list":["post-39424","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-253","tag-84"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/39424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/39424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39425,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/39424\/revisions\/39425"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}