{"id":39295,"date":"2025-07-18T08:46:28","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T06:46:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=39295"},"modified":"2025-10-09T12:02:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:02:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%b9%d8%b2%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%b9%d8%b2%d8%b9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/h2>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-39295 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/epp_lebanon_sammykayed_ar1\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/10\/25180148\/EPP_Lebanon_SammyKayed_AR1-360x360.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/epp_lebanon_sammykayed_ar2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2025\/10\/25180147\/EPP_Lebanon_SammyKayed_AR2-360x360.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, <em>Princeton University Press<\/em>, 2011.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u201cLebanon\u2019s October 2019 Uprising: From Solidarity to Division and Descent into the Known Unknown\u201d, <em>South Atlantic Quarterly<\/em>, Vol. 120 No. 2, 2021 [Makdisi, 2021]; Kamal Dib, \u201cPredator Neoliberalism\u201d, <em>Contemporary Arab Affairs<\/em>, Vol. 13 No. 1, 2020 [Dib, 2021].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u064a 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Political margins are understood as areas and groups historically deprived of influence over how power is organized or exercised. Steven Lukes, \u201cPower: A Radical View\u201d, <em>Palgrave Macmillan<\/em>, 2005.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">David Schlosberg and Luke Craven. \u201cSustainable Materialism\u201d, <em>Oxford University Press<\/em>, 2019 [Schlosberg &amp; Craven, 2019]; Munira Khayyat, <em>A Landscape of War: Ecologies of Resistance and Survival in South Lebanon<\/em>, University of California Press, 2022 [Khayyat, 2022].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">A feedback loop is an active process where the outputs of a system circle back and are used as inputs, forming a complex chain of cause and effect that influences the system\u2019s future behavior. Marco Scotti, Daniel Filipe Da Silva Pereira, and Antonio Bodini, \u201cUnderstanding Social-Ecological Systems Using Loop Analysis\u201d, <em>Human Ecology Review<\/em>, Vol. 26 No. 2, 2020 [Da Silva et al., 2020].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">John S. Dryzek, \u201cThe Politics of the Earth\u201d, <em>Oxford University Press,<\/em> 2021 [Dryzek, 2021]; Da Silva et al., 2020; Belinda Reyers et al., \u201cSocial-Ecological Systems Insights for Navigating the Dynamics of the Anthropocene\u201d, <em>Annual Review of Environment and Resources<\/em>, Vol. 43 No. 1, 2018; Ulrich Brand, \u201cHow to Get Out of the Multiple Crisis? Contours of a Critical Theory of Social-Ecological Transformation\u201d, <em>Environmental Values<\/em>, Vol. 25 No. 5, 2016.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Katherine Richardson et al., \u201cEarth Beyond Six of Nine Planetary Boundaries\u201d, Science Advances, Vol. 9 No. 37, 2023 [Richardson et al., 2023]; John W. Meyer et al., \u201cWorld Society and the Nation-State\u201d, <em>American Journal of Sociology<\/em>, Vol. 103 No. 1, 1997 [Meyer et al., 1997].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0647.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sallie\u202fA.\u202fMarston,\u202fJohn\u202fPaul\u202fJones\u202fII,\u202f&amp; Keith\u202fWoodward, \u201cHuman Geography without Scale\u201d, <em>Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers<\/em>, Vol.\u202f30\u202fNo.\u202f4,\u202f2005; Roderick\u202fP.\u202fNeumann, \u201cPolitical Ecology: Theorizing Scale\u201d, <em>Progress in Human Geography,<\/em> Vol.\u202f33\u202fNo.\u202f3,\u202f2009.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jeanne M. Bogert et al., \u201cReviewing the Relationship Between Neoliberal Societies and Nature: Implications of the Industrialized Dominant Social Paradigm for a Sustainable Future\u201d, <em>Ecology and Society<\/em>, Vol. 27 No. 2, 2022.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nico Wunderling et al., \u201cClimate Tipping Point Interactions and Cascades: A Review\u201d, <em>Earth System Dynamics<\/em>, Vol. 15 No. 1, 2024; Michael A. Long et al., \u201cNeoliberalism, World-System Position, and Biodiversity Loss\u201d, <em>Sociology of Development<\/em>, Vol. 10 No. 3, 2024; Richardson et al., 2023; Johan Rockstr\u00f6m et al., \u201cSafe and Just Earth System Boundaries\u201d, <em>Nature<\/em>, Vol. 619 No. 7968, 2023 [Rockstr\u00f6m et al., 2023].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a) \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629&#8221; : \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">David Ciplet and J. Timmons Roberts, \u201cClimate Change and the Transition to Neoliberal Environmental Governance\u201d, <em>Global Environmental Change<\/em>, Vol. 46, September 2017; Bram B\u00fcscher et al., \u201cNature Inc.: Environmental Conservation in the Neoliberal Age\u201d, University of Arizona Press, 2019; Adrian Parr, \u201cThe Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics\u201d, Columbia University Press, 2013.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Christoph G\u00f6rg et al., \u201cChallenges for Social-Ecological Transformations: Contributions From Social and Political Ecology\u201d, <em>Sustainability<\/em>, Vol. 9 No. 7, 2017; Viviana Asara et al., \u201cSocially Sustainable Degrowth as a Social-ecological Transformation: Repoliticizing Sustainability\u201d, <em>Sustainability Science<\/em>, Vol. 10 No. 3, 2015; Michele-Lee Moore et al., \u201cStudying the Complexity of Change: Toward an Analytical Framework for Understanding Deliberate Social-ecological Transformations\u201d, <em>Ecology and Society<\/em>, Vol. 19 No. 4, 2014.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Elizabeth A. Povinelli, \u201cEconomies of Abandonment: Social Belonging and Endurance in Late Liberalism\u201d, <em>Duke University Press<\/em>, 2011 [Povinelli, 2011].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Povinelli, 2011.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646: Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim, \u201cDreamscapes of Modernity: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and the Fabrication of Power\u201d, <em>University of Chicago Press<\/em>, 2015.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Dryzek, 2021; Marit Hammond, \u201cImagination and Critique in Environmental Politics\u201d, <em>Routledge,<\/em> 2022.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 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\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hanne Svarstad et al., \u201cPower Theories in Political Ecology\u201d, <em>Journal of Political Ecology<\/em>, Vol. 25 No. 1, 2018; Bego\u00f1a Aretxaga, \u201cMaddening States\u201d, <em>Annual Review of Anthropology<\/em>, Vol. 32 No. 1, 2003 [Aretxaga, 2003].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, 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\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Elia Apostolopoulou et al., \u201cRadical Social Innovations and the Spatialities of Grassroots Activism: Navigating Pathways for Tackling Inequality and Reinventing the Commons\u201d, <em>Journal of Political Ecology<\/em>, Vol. 29 No. 1, 2022. [Apostolopoulou et al., 2022]; Dana L\u00e9o-Paul et al., \u201cSuccess Factors and Challenges of Grassroots Innovations: Learning from Failure\u201d, <em>Technological Forecasting and Social Change<\/em>, 164, 2021; Arnim Scheidel et al., \u201cEnvironmental Conflicts and Defenders: A Global Overview\u201d, <em>Global Environmental Change<\/em>, Vol. 63, 2020; Leah Temper et al., \u201cA Perspective on Radical Transformations to Sustainability: Resistances, Movements and Alternatives\u201d, <em>Sustainability Science<\/em>, Vol. 13 No. 3, 2018 [Temper et al., 2018]; Frans Hermans et al., \u201cScale Dynamics of Grassroots Innovations through Parallel Pathways of Transformative Change\u201d, <em>Ecological Economics,<\/em> 130, 2016 [Hermans et al., 2016].<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ioki\u00f1e Rodr\u00edguez, \u201cJust Transformations: Grassroots Struggles for Alternative Futures\u201d, <em>Pluto Press,<\/em> 2023; Amanda Machin, \u201cClimates of Democracy: Skeptical, Rational, and Radical Imaginaries\u201d, <em>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change<\/em>, Vol. 13 No. 4, 2022; Farhana Sultana, \u201cPolitical Ecology II: Conjunctures, Crises, and Critical Publics\u201d, <em>Progress in Human Geography<\/em>, Vol. 45 No. 6, 2021; Temper et al., 2018; Povinelli, 2011.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 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class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Khayyat, 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 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tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c 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\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b\u061b<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_39295_1('footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Laila Duisenova, \u201cThe Vulnerabilities of Informal Waste Pickers: A Critical Issue in Lebanon\u2019s Waste Sector\u201d, <em>ReFuse<\/em>, 2024, [Duisenova, 2024]; Sammy Kayed and Pedro Fernandez, \u201cBaseline situation for selected single use plastic items in Lebanon\u201d, <em>WES Program<\/em>, 2023, [Kayed &amp; Fernandez, 2023].<a href=\"#_ftnref152\" name=\"_ftn152\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_39295_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_39295_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_39295_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_39295_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_39295_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, <em>Princeton University Press<\/em>, 2011.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Karim Makdisi, \u201cLebanon\u2019s October 2019 Uprising: From Solidarity to Division and Descent into the Known Unknown\u201d, <em>South Atlantic Quarterly<\/em>, Vol. 120 No. 2, 2021 [Makdisi, 2021]; Kamal Dib, \u201cPredator Neoliberalism\u201d, <em>Contemporary Arab Affairs<\/em>, Vol. 13 No. 1, 2020 [Dib, 2021].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Political margins are understood as areas and groups historically deprived of influence over how power is organized or exercised. Steven Lukes, \u201cPower: A Radical View\u201d, <em>Palgrave Macmillan<\/em>, 2005.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">David Schlosberg and Luke Craven. \u201cSustainable Materialism\u201d, <em>Oxford University Press<\/em>, 2019 [Schlosberg &amp; Craven, 2019]; Munira Khayyat, <em>A Landscape of War: Ecologies of Resistance and Survival in South Lebanon<\/em>, University of California Press, 2022 [Khayyat, 2022].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">A feedback loop is an active process where the outputs of a system circle back and are used as inputs, forming a complex chain of cause and effect that influences the system\u2019s future behavior. Marco Scotti, Daniel Filipe Da Silva Pereira, and Antonio Bodini, \u201cUnderstanding Social-Ecological Systems Using Loop Analysis\u201d, <em>Human Ecology Review<\/em>, Vol. 26 No. 2, 2020 [Da Silva et al., 2020].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">John S. Dryzek, \u201cThe Politics of the Earth\u201d, <em>Oxford University Press,<\/em> 2021 [Dryzek, 2021]; Da Silva et al., 2020; Belinda Reyers et al., \u201cSocial-Ecological Systems Insights for Navigating the Dynamics of the Anthropocene\u201d, <em>Annual Review of Environment and Resources<\/em>, Vol. 43 No. 1, 2018; Ulrich Brand, \u201cHow to Get Out of the Multiple Crisis? Contours of a Critical Theory of Social-Ecological Transformation\u201d, <em>Environmental Values<\/em>, Vol. 25 No. 5, 2016.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Katherine Richardson et al., \u201cEarth Beyond Six of Nine Planetary Boundaries\u201d, Science Advances, Vol. 9 No. 37, 2023 [Richardson et al., 2023]; John W. Meyer et al., \u201cWorld Society and the Nation-State\u201d, <em>American Journal of Sociology<\/em>, Vol. 103 No. 1, 1997 [Meyer et al., 1997].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sallie\u202fA.\u202fMarston,\u202fJohn\u202fPaul\u202fJones\u202fII,\u202f&amp; Keith\u202fWoodward, \u201cHuman Geography without Scale\u201d, <em>Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers<\/em>, Vol.\u202f30\u202fNo.\u202f4,\u202f2005; Roderick\u202fP.\u202fNeumann, \u201cPolitical Ecology: Theorizing Scale\u201d, <em>Progress in Human Geography,<\/em> Vol.\u202f33\u202fNo.\u202f3,\u202f2009.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jeanne M. Bogert et al., \u201cReviewing the Relationship Between Neoliberal Societies and Nature: Implications of the Industrialized Dominant Social Paradigm for a Sustainable Future\u201d, <em>Ecology and Society<\/em>, Vol. 27 No. 2, 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nico Wunderling et al., \u201cClimate Tipping Point Interactions and Cascades: A Review\u201d, <em>Earth System Dynamics<\/em>, Vol. 15 No. 1, 2024; Michael A. Long et al., \u201cNeoliberalism, World-System Position, and Biodiversity Loss\u201d, <em>Sociology of Development<\/em>, Vol. 10 No. 3, 2024; Richardson et al., 2023; Johan Rockstr\u00f6m et al., \u201cSafe and Just Earth System Boundaries\u201d, <em>Nature<\/em>, Vol. 619 No. 7968, 2023 [Rockstr\u00f6m et al., 2023].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">David Ciplet and J. Timmons Roberts, \u201cClimate Change and the Transition to Neoliberal Environmental Governance\u201d, <em>Global Environmental Change<\/em>, Vol. 46, September 2017; Bram B\u00fcscher et al., \u201cNature Inc.: Environmental Conservation in the Neoliberal Age\u201d, University of Arizona Press, 2019; Adrian Parr, \u201cThe Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics\u201d, Columbia University Press, 2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Christoph G\u00f6rg et al., \u201cChallenges for Social-Ecological Transformations: Contributions From Social and Political Ecology\u201d, <em>Sustainability<\/em>, Vol. 9 No. 7, 2017; Viviana Asara et al., \u201cSocially Sustainable Degrowth as a Social-ecological Transformation: Repoliticizing Sustainability\u201d, <em>Sustainability Science<\/em>, Vol. 10 No. 3, 2015; Michele-Lee Moore et al., \u201cStudying the Complexity of Change: Toward an Analytical Framework for Understanding Deliberate Social-ecological Transformations\u201d, <em>Ecology and Society<\/em>, Vol. 19 No. 4, 2014.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u201d\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201c. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Richardson et al., 2023.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Elizabeth A. Povinelli, \u201cEconomies of Abandonment: Social Belonging and Endurance in Late Liberalism\u201d, <em>Duke University Press<\/em>, 2011 [Povinelli, 2011].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Povinelli, 2011.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Povinelli, 2011.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646: Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim, \u201cDreamscapes of Modernity: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and the Fabrication of Power\u201d, <em>University of Chicago Press<\/em>, 2015.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Dryzek, 2021; Marit Hammond, \u201cImagination and Critique in Environmental Politics\u201d, <em>Routledge,<\/em> 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Schlosberg &amp; Craven, 2019; Dryzek, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hanne Svarstad et al., \u201cPower Theories in Political Ecology\u201d, <em>Journal of Political Ecology<\/em>, Vol. 25 No. 1, 2018; Bego\u00f1a Aretxaga, \u201cMaddening States\u201d, <em>Annual Review of Anthropology<\/em>, Vol. 32 No. 1, 2003 [Aretxaga, 2003].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646: Dryzek (2021).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Dryzek, 2021; Aretxaga, 2003.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Elia Apostolopoulou et al., \u201cRadical Social Innovations and the Spatialities of Grassroots Activism: Navigating Pathways for Tackling Inequality and Reinventing the Commons\u201d, <em>Journal of Political Ecology<\/em>, Vol. 29 No. 1, 2022. [Apostolopoulou et al., 2022]; Dana L\u00e9o-Paul et al., \u201cSuccess Factors and Challenges of Grassroots Innovations: Learning from Failure\u201d, <em>Technological Forecasting and Social Change<\/em>, 164, 2021; Arnim Scheidel et al., \u201cEnvironmental Conflicts and Defenders: A Global Overview\u201d, <em>Global Environmental Change<\/em>, Vol. 63, 2020; Leah Temper et al., \u201cA Perspective on Radical Transformations to Sustainability: Resistances, Movements and Alternatives\u201d, <em>Sustainability Science<\/em>, Vol. 13 No. 3, 2018 [Temper et al., 2018]; Frans Hermans et al., \u201cScale Dynamics of Grassroots Innovations through Parallel Pathways of Transformative Change\u201d, <em>Ecological Economics,<\/em> 130, 2016 [Hermans et al., 2016].<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ioki\u00f1e Rodr\u00edguez, \u201cJust Transformations: Grassroots Struggles for Alternative Futures\u201d, <em>Pluto Press,<\/em> 2023; Amanda Machin, \u201cClimates of Democracy: Skeptical, Rational, and Radical Imaginaries\u201d, <em>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change<\/em>, Vol. 13 No. 4, 2022; Farhana Sultana, \u201cPolitical Ecology II: Conjunctures, Crises, and Critical Publics\u201d, <em>Progress in Human Geography<\/em>, Vol. 45 No. 6, 2021; Temper et al., 2018; Povinelli, 2011.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Khayyat, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Schlosberg &amp; Craven, 2019; Khayyat, 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_39295_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_39295_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_39295_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Laila Duisenova, \u201cThe Vulnerabilities of Informal Waste Pickers: A Critical Issue in Lebanon\u2019s Waste Sector\u201d, <em>ReFuse<\/em>, 2024, [Duisenova, 2024]; Sammy Kayed and Pedro Fernandez, \u201cBaseline situation for selected single use plastic items in Lebanon\u201d, <em>WES Program<\/em>, 2023, [Kayed &amp; Fernandez, 2023].<a href=\"#_ftnref152\" name=\"_ftn152\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_39295_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_39295_1').show(); 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