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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Soumaya, Maghnouj, et al. Examens de l&#8217;OCDE du cadre d&#8217;\u00e9valuation de l\u2019\u00e9ducation : Maroc. OECD Publishing, 2018, p.69-70.\u200f<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 15 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/vfXlsv8\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/vfXlsv8<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (D\u00e9concentration financi\u00e8re): \u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 28\/03\/2 021. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/CTN6zo6\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/CTN6zo6<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/strong>: \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 (CNEF) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0654\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 1800 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 16 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/CzDufU7\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/CzDufU7<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 (Masse Salariale).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Abouammar Tafnout, Enseignants \u00ab contractuels \u00bb : comment en est-on arriv\u00e9 l\u00e0 ? H24INFO. 14 avril, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/NQhdH3D\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/NQhdH3D<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 (\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Jean-Pierre Chauffour, Le Maroc \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2040\u00a0: Investir dans le capital immat\u00e9riel pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019\u00e9mergence \u00e9conomique, La Banque mondiale, Washington, P.182-183.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 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'#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064066 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2006 \u06482016.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Le m\u00e9tier de l\u2019enseignent au Maroc, conseil sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, de la formation et de la recherche scientifique, rapport th\u00e9matique, p.15.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2023<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2022<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2021<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2020<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2019<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2018<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2017<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2016<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>20000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>15000<\/td>\n<td>17000<\/td>\n<td>15000<\/td>\n<td>15000<\/td>\n<td>17000<\/td>\n<td>24000<\/td>\n<td>11.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em><u>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c 3 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/9iXF6WO\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/9iXF6WO<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f 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Ecoactu.Ma. 7 mars 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/dOdYwCW\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/dOdYwCW<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0630\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646&#8221; 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La fr\u00e9quentation des enseignants et le temps d\u2019enseignement dans les \u00e9coles primaires et secondaires coll\u00e9giales, UNICEF, 2022, p.28-29.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Le m\u00e9tier de l&#8217;enseignant au Maroc \u00e0 l&#8217;aune de la comparaison internationale, CSEFRS, Rabat, 2021, p.19-20.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621. 27 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"https:\/\/shortlink.uk\/u5zT\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/shortlink.uk\/u5zT<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_38117_1('footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c 31 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/UiXcKIK\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/UiXcKIK<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> 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Paris, Centre for Educational Research and Innovation: OECD, 2008, p.134.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_38117_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_38117_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_38117_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_38117_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_38117_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Soumaya, Maghnouj, et al. Examens de l&#8217;OCDE du cadre d&#8217;\u00e9valuation de l\u2019\u00e9ducation : Maroc. OECD Publishing, 2018, p.69-70.\u200f<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 15 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/vfXlsv8\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/vfXlsv8<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 28\/03\/2 021. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/CTN6zo6\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/CTN6zo6<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 135 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1999\u060c \u0635 43.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 1800 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 16 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/CzDufU7\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/CzDufU7<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Abouammar Tafnout, Enseignants \u00ab contractuels \u00bb : comment en est-on arriv\u00e9 l\u00e0 ? H24INFO. 14 avril, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/NQhdH3D\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/NQhdH3D<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Jean-Pierre Chauffour, Le Maroc \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2040\u00a0: Investir dans le capital immat\u00e9riel pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019\u00e9mergence \u00e9conomique, La Banque mondiale, Washington, P.182-183.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Ahlam nazih, prof contractuels\u00a0:100000 recrues depuis 2016, L\u2019\u00e9conomiste , n 5978, 30 mars 2021, p.5.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Le m\u00e9tier de l\u2019enseignent au Maroc, conseil sup\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, de la formation et de la recherche scientifique, rapport th\u00e9matique, p.15.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c 3 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/9iXF6WO\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/9iXF6WO<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Enseignants contractuels\u00a0: un faux debat\u00a0? Ecoactu.Ma. 7 mars 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/dOdYwCW\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/dOdYwCW<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0641\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629\u061f\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c 18\/04\/2019\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3DKhQAr\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3DKhQAr<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> carolina alba\u0301n conto. La fr\u00e9quentation des enseignants et le temps d\u2019enseignement dans les \u00e9coles primaires et secondaires coll\u00e9giales, UNICEF, 2022, p.28-29.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u0635 148.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2021\u060c \u0635 7.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Le m\u00e9tier de l&#8217;enseignant au Maroc \u00e0 l&#8217;aune de la comparaison internationale, CSEFRS, Rabat, 2021, p.19-20.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621. 27 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"https:\/\/shortlink.uk\/u5zT\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/shortlink.uk\/u5zT<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0640\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c 26 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"https:\/\/assafir.ma\/393590.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/assafir.ma\/393590.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0635 36.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c 31 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/UiXcKIK\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/UiXcKIK<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645&#8230; \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 4 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/2u.pw\/6RCUmle\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/2u.pw\/6RCUmle<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Noura Mzaghrani, Ce qui change avec le nouveau statut des enseignants-chercheurs, lematin.ma, 23 AO\u00dbT 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/shortlink.uk\/u5BA\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/shortlink.uk\/u5BA<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_38117_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_38117_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Enders J and Musselin C. Back to the Future? The Academic Professions in the 21st Century. In: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (ed.) Higher Education to 2030. Paris, Centre for Educational Research and Innovation: OECD, 2008, p.134.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_38117_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_38117_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_38117_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_38117_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_38117_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_38117_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_38117_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_38117_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_38117_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_38117_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_38117_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_38117_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_38117_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_38117_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":38114,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[680,338,13],"class_list":["post-38117","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-680","tag-338","tag-13"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/38117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/38117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38118,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/38117\/revisions\/38118"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}