{"id":37243,"date":"2025-04-11T09:31:44","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T07:31:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=37243"},"modified":"2025-04-11T09:31:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T07:31:51","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a6","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 534"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 2023 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 534\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629&#8221;. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Amnesty International. (2023, September 5). Lebanon: Attack on Freedoms Targets LGBTI People Repressive Legislation; Unlawful Crackdown. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2023\/09\/lebanon-attack-on-freedoms-targets-lgbti-people-repressive-legislation-unlawful-crackdown\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2023\/09\/lebanon-attack-on-freedoms-targets-lgbti-people-repressive-legislation-unlawful-crackdown\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a 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\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lauenstein, O., Murer, J. S., Boos, M., &amp; Reicher, S. (2015). \u201cOh motherland I pledge to thee &#8230;\u201d: a study into nationalism, gender and the representation of an imagined family within national anthems. <em>Nations and Nationalism<\/em>, 21(2), 309\u2013329. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nana.12123\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nana.12123<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Baron, B. (2005). <em>Egypt as a woman: nationalism, gender, and politics<\/em> (First Edition edition., pp. xv\u2013xv). University of California Press.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mulholland, Jon., Montagna, Nicola., &amp; Sanders-McDonagh, Erin. (Eds.). (2018). <em>Gendering Nationalism<\/em><em>\u202f<\/em><em>: Intersections of Nation, Gender and Sexuality<\/em> (1st ed. 2018.). Springer International Publishing. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-76699-7\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-76699-7<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Carsten, J. (2004). Families into Nation: The Power of Metaphor and the Transformation of Kinship. In After kinship, pp. 136-162.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (1983\u061b 1991) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Anderson, B. (1983). 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(1980) The History of Sexuality, Vol 1. (trans. R. Hurley). New York: Vintage\/Random House.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kanaaneh, R. (2005). Boys or Men? Duped or \u201cmade\u201d? Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Calhoun, C. (1993). Nationalism and Ethnicity. <em>Annual Review of Sociology<\/em>, 19(1): 216. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.so.19.080193.001235\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.so.19.080193.001235<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 2023 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645+ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a. \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lugones, M. (2007). Heterosexualism and the Colonial \/ Modern Gender System. <em>Hypatia<\/em>, 22(1), 186\u2013209. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4640051\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4640051<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Subramanian, N. (2010). Making Family and Nation: Hindu Marriage Law in Early Postcolonial India. <em>The Journal of Asian Studies<\/em>, 69(3), 771\u2013798. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021911810001476\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021911810001476<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rouayheb, K. el-. (2005). Before homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic world, 1500-1800. The University of Chicago Press.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Katz, J. N. (2020). The Invention of Heterosexuality. In Dean and Fischer (eds.) Routledge International Handbook of Heterosexualities Studies, pp. 58-74.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0643\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a(CDA) \u00a0\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Van Dijk, T. A. (2015). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, &amp; D. Schiffrin (Eds.), <em>The handbook of discourse analysis<\/em> (pp. 466-485). John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fairclough, N. 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(2005). Boys or Men? Duped or \u201cmade\u201d? Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. 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Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/english.almanar.com.lb\/cat\/news\/lebanon\/s-nasrallah-speeches\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/english.almanar.com.lb\/cat\/news\/lebanon\/s-nasrallah-speeches<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 25 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 (60%)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 9 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629&#8221; 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grave sins, traditionally interpreted as including sexual immorality and moral corruption.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.&#8221; 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(18\/07\/2023). \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hayek, C. (2022, July 01). Who are Ashrafieh\u2019s &#8216;Soldiers of God&#8217;?. L\u2019Orient Today. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/today.lorientlejour.com\/article\/1304447\/who-are-ashrafiehs-soldiers-of-god.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/today.lorientlejour.com\/article\/1304447\/who-are-ashrafiehs-soldiers-of-god.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646!&#8221; 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(2005). Boys or Men? Duped or \u201cmade\u201d? Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. American Ethnologist 32(2), p. 262.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_37243_1('footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Human Rights Campaign. (n.d.). <em>The lies and dangers of efforts to change sexual orientation or gender identity.<\/em> Human Rights Campaign. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_37243_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 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\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_37243_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_37243_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_37243_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_37243_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Amnesty International. (2023, September 5). Lebanon: Attack on Freedoms Targets LGBTI People Repressive Legislation; Unlawful Crackdown. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2023\/09\/lebanon-attack-on-freedoms-targets-lgbti-people-repressive-legislation-unlawful-crackdown\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2023\/09\/lebanon-attack-on-freedoms-targets-lgbti-people-repressive-legislation-unlawful-crackdown\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lauenstein, O., Murer, J. S., Boos, M., &amp; Reicher, S. (2015). \u201cOh motherland I pledge to thee &#8230;\u201d: a study into nationalism, gender and the representation of an imagined family within national anthems. <em>Nations and Nationalism<\/em>, 21(2), 309\u2013329. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nana.12123\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nana.12123<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Baron, B. (2005). <em>Egypt as a woman: nationalism, gender, and politics<\/em> (First Edition edition., pp. xv\u2013xv). University of California Press.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mulholland, Jon., Montagna, Nicola., &amp; Sanders-McDonagh, Erin. (Eds.). (2018). <em>Gendering Nationalism<\/em><em>\u202f<\/em><em>: Intersections of Nation, Gender and Sexuality<\/em> (1st ed. 2018.). Springer International Publishing. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-76699-7\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-76699-7<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Carsten, J. (2004). Families into Nation: The Power of Metaphor and the Transformation of Kinship. In After kinship, pp. 136-162.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Foucault, M. (1980) The History of Sexuality, Vol 1. (trans. R. Hurley). New York: Vintage\/Random House.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kanaaneh, R. (2005). Boys or Men? Duped or \u201cmade\u201d? Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. American Ethnologist 32(2), p. 262.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Calhoun, C. (1993). Nationalism and Ethnicity. <em>Annual Review of Sociology<\/em>, 19(1): 216. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.so.19.080193.001235\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.so.19.080193.001235<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lugones, M. (2007). Heterosexualism and the Colonial \/ Modern Gender System. <em>Hypatia<\/em>, 22(1), 186\u2013209. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4640051\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4640051<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Subramanian, N. (2010). Making Family and Nation: Hindu Marriage Law in Early Postcolonial India. <em>The Journal of Asian Studies<\/em>, 69(3), 771\u2013798. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021911810001476\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021911810001476<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rouayheb, K. el-. (2005). Before homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic world, 1500-1800. The University of Chicago Press.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Katz, J. N. (2020). The Invention of Heterosexuality. In Dean and Fischer (eds.) Routledge International Handbook of Heterosexualities Studies, pp. 58-74.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Van Dijk, T. A. (2015). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, &amp; D. Schiffrin (Eds.), <em>The handbook of discourse analysis<\/em> (pp. 466-485). John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fairclough, N. (1989).\u00a0Language and power. Longman.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kanaaneh, R. (2005). Boys or Men? Duped or \u201cmade\u201d? Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. American Ethnologist 32(2), p. 262.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">S. Nasrallah Speeches. Al-Manar. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/english.almanar.com.lb\/cat\/news\/lebanon\/s-nasrallah-speeches\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/english.almanar.com.lb\/cat\/news\/lebanon\/s-nasrallah-speeches<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sodom and Gomorrah, as referenced in the Bible, are cities that were destroyed by divine judgment due to their inhabitants&#8217; grave sins, traditionally interpreted as including sexual immorality and moral corruption.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hayek, C. (2022, July 01). Who are Ashrafieh\u2019s &#8216;Soldiers of God&#8217;?. L\u2019Orient Today. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/today.lorientlejour.com\/article\/1304447\/who-are-ashrafiehs-soldiers-of-god.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/today.lorientlejour.com\/article\/1304447\/who-are-ashrafiehs-soldiers-of-god.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kanaaneh, R. (2005). Boys or Men? Duped or \u201cmade\u201d? Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. American Ethnologist 32(2), p. 262.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_37243_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_37243_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Human Rights Campaign. (n.d.). <em>The lies and dangers of efforts to change sexual orientation or gender identity.<\/em> Human Rights Campaign. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_37243_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_37243_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_37243_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_37243_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_37243_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_37243_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_37243_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_37243_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_37243_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_37243_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_37243_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_37243_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_37243_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_37243_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":37238,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[222,84,633],"class_list":["post-37243","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-222","tag-84","tag-633"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/37243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/37243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37244,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/37243\/revisions\/37244"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}