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Reducing prejudice and discrimination, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2000.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rafael Mart\u00ednez and Antonio Manuel D\u00edaz Fern\u00e1ndez, \u201cThreat Perception: New Risks, New Threats and New Missions\u201d, in Guiseppe Caforio, ed. Cultural Differences between the Military and Parent Society in Democratic Countries: Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development, Vol. 4, Emerald Group Publishing, 2007.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mahmoud Hamad, Judges and Generals in the Making of Modern Egypt: How Institutions Sustain and Undermine Authoritarian Regimes (2019).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u201c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ch\u00e9rine Chams El-Dine, \u201cEgypt: From Military Reform to Military Sanctuarization,\u201d in Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring (2016).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1957 \u06481968\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">&#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 178 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1957&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 13 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1957\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 3\u061b &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 203 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 18 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Omar Shakir, \u201cAll According to Plan: The Rab\u2019a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt\u201d (HRW, 2014).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hossam el-Hamalawy, \u201cEgypt Under Sisi 2013 &#8211; 2018\u201d (Berlin: Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, October 30, 2018).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 34 \u0633\u062c\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_36100_1('footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cWaiting for You: 78 Prisons, including 35 Built After the January Revolution\u201d (Cairo: ANHRI, April 11, 2021), sec. Fifth.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_36100_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u062d\u0648 60,000 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_36100_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_36100_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_36100_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_36100_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Walter G. Stephan and Cookie White Stephan, \u201cAn integrated threat theory of prejudice\u201d, in Stuart Oskamp, ed. Reducing prejudice and discrimination, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2000.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rafael Mart\u00ednez and Antonio Manuel D\u00edaz Fern\u00e1ndez, \u201cThreat Perception: New Risks, New Threats and New Missions\u201d, in Guiseppe Caforio, ed. Cultural Differences between the Military and Parent Society in Democratic Countries: Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development, Vol. 4, Emerald Group Publishing, 2007.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00dcmit Cizre, \u201cThe Anatomy of the Turkish Military\u2019s Political Autonomy.\u201d Comparative Politics 29, no. 2 (1997), 157-158. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/422077\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/422077<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Robert Springborg, Egypt, Hot Spots in Global Politics Series (Cambridge: Polity, 2018), 47.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c 17 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sara Tonsy and Ali al-Raggal, \u201cHow Did Sisi Reproduce Authoritarianism in Egypt?,\u201d Rowaq Arabi 26, no. 1 (2021).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c 22 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 8 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mahmoud Hamad, Judges and Generals in the Making of Modern Egypt: How Institutions Sustain and Undermine Authoritarian Regimes (2019).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 24 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 .<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ch\u00e9rine Chams El-Dine, \u201cEgypt: From Military Reform to Military Sanctuarization,\u201d in Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring (2016).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 21 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 25 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">&#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 178 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1957&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 13 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1957\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 3\u061b &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 86 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1968&#8243;\u060c 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1968\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u201d\u0645\u0635\u0631\u201c\u060c 190\u061b &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 348 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2012&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 14 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2012.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">&#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c 23 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2012).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 203 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 18 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 193 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2012&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u201d\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u201c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 25 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 205 \u0641\u064a \u201d\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u201c.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">&#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 123 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2015&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 19 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 24 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2. \u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 19 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014\u201c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 24 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. 2.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Omar Shakir, \u201cAll According to Plan: The Rab\u2019a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt\u201d (HRW, 2014).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">&#8220;\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\/\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b) \u062d\u062a\u0649 31 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 2014).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hossam el-Hamalawy, \u201cEgypt Under Sisi 2013 &#8211; 2018\u201d (Berlin: Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, October 30, 2018).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cWaiting for You: 78 Prisons, including 35 Built After the January Revolution\u201d (Cairo: ANHRI, April 11, 2021), sec. Fifth.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c 23 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Yezid Sayigh, \u201cOwners of the Republic: An Anatomy of Egypt\u2019s Military Economy,\u201d The Program on Civil-Military Relations of the Arab States (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, November 18, 2019).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">amalawy, \u201cWhy Egypt\u2019s \u2018New Republic\u2019 Is Increasingly Vulnerable to Implosion,\u201d Middle East Eye, June 28, 2024.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_36100_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_36100_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_36100_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rehab Magdy, \u201cFour Egyptian Armed Forces-Affiliated Companies to Go Public in 2025: PM Madbouly,\u201d Ahram Online, December 11, 2024.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_36100_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_36100_1').show(); 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