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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1997. Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha\u2019s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt, The American University in Cairo Press, 1997.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c 1918-1952 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c 1984 \u060c \u0635 215-217 \u0648\u0635 231.Robert L. Tignor,\u00a0 State, Private Enterprise and Economic Change in Egypt, 1918-1952, Princeton University Press, 1984, pp. 215-217 and p. 231.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631&#8221; 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Robert Mabro, The Egyptian Economy: 1952-1972. Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 71-73.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f. 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_35373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_35373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0635 115-130\u060c (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/em> \u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635 3-30.Paul Rivlin, Economic policy and performance in the Arab world, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001, pp. 3-30.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .\u0648\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u2013 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_35373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_35373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c 1977.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 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Byung-Kook Kim and Ezra Vogel, The Park Chung Hee Era: the transformation of South Korea, Harvard University Press, 2011, especially Byung-Kook Kim, \u201cThe Leviathan: Economic bureaucracy under Park\u201d, p. 227-228 and Huyng-A Kim, \u201cState Building: The Military Junta\u2019s Path to Modernity Through Administrative Reform\u201d, pp. 85-114 and Eun Mee Kim and Gil-Sung Park, \u201cThe Chaebol\u201d, pp. 265-294.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_35373_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u2013 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 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\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_35373_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_35373_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_35373_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_35373_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0632. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c 1983. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 1978. Philip Abrams, Historical Sociology. Cornell University Press, 1983. Max Weber, Economy and Society, University of California Press, 1978.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1997. Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha\u2019s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt, The American University in Cairo Press, 1997.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1998\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u0646 1 \u06482. \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1883-1882)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 2006.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u00a0\u0622\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020.Aaron Jakes, Egypt\u2019s Occupation: Colonial Economism and the Crises of Capitalism, Stanford University Press, September<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 1837-1957-1952\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1998.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0633\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 7 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648342 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1988\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 2.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644. \u062a\u064a\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c 1918-1952 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c 1984 \u060c \u0635 215-217 \u0648\u0635 231.Robert L. Tignor,\u00a0 State, Private Enterprise and Economic Change in Egypt, 1918-1952, Princeton University Press, 1984, pp. 215-217 and p. 231.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 200 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 50 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a: 1952-1972. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c 1974\u060c \u0635 71-73. Robert Mabro, The Egyptian Economy: 1952-1972. Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 71-73.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0635 115-130\u060c (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/em> \u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635 3-30.Paul Rivlin, Economic policy and performance in the Arab world, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001, pp. 3-30.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c 1977.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644: \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 )\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a( \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0632\u062f\u060c 1987.Gilles Perrault,\u00a0A Man Apart: the Life of Henri Curiel (Translated by Bob Cumming),\u00a0Zed Books, 1987.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0635 68-70.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u060c <em>\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629:<\/em> <em>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u060c 2012. Hazem Kandil, Soldiers, Spies and Statesmen: Egypt\u2019s Road to Revolt, Verso Press, 2012.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c<\/em> \u0635 331-332 \u06481006-1070. Max Weber, Economy and Society, pp.331-332 and 1006-1070.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 1988. Hisham Sharabi, Neopatriarchy: A Theory of Distorted Change in the Arab Society, Oxford University Press, 1988.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0632. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c 1991\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u060c 2014. Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity, Polity Press, 1991, and Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy, Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2014.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1953\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a 1974-1980\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c 2002<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2015. Melani Cammet, \u201cStructural Adjustment and the Rise of Crony Capitalism\u201d, A Political Economy of the Middle East, Routledge, 2015.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a): \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0647\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c 2011\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635: \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643&#8221;\u060c \u0635 227-228\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0646\u063a-\u0623 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0635. 85-114\u060c \u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0635. 265-294. Byung-Kook Kim and Ezra Vogel, The Park Chung Hee Era: the transformation of South Korea, Harvard University Press, 2011, especially Byung-Kook Kim, \u201cThe Leviathan: Economic bureaucracy under Park\u201d, p. 227-228 and Huyng-A Kim, \u201cState Building: The Military Junta\u2019s Path to Modernity Through Administrative Reform\u201d, pp. 85-114 and Eun Mee Kim and Gil-Sung Park, \u201cThe Chaebol\u201d, pp. 265-294.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_35373_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_35373_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c 1952-1965\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 1966. Patrick O\u2019Brien, The Revolution in Egypt\u2019s Economic System: From Private Enterprise to Socialism, 1952-1965, Oxford University Press, 1966.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_35373_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_35373_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_35373_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_35373_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_35373_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_35373_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_35373_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_35373_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_35373_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_35373_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_35373_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_35373_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_35373_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_35373_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":35371,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[538,68],"class_list":["post-35373","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12","tag-538","tag-68"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/35373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/35373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35391,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/35373\/revisions\/35391"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}