{"id":27720,"date":"2023-08-24T16:17:27","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T14:17:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=27720"},"modified":"2023-08-24T16:20:46","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T14:20:46","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%81%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%81%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Radio France Internationale, \u201cAlgeria&#8217;s Bouteflika submits resignation: State TV\u201d, 2 April 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/en\/contenu\/20190402-algerias-bouteflika-submits-resignation-state-tv\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/en\/contenu\/20190402-algerias-bouteflika-submits-resignation-state-tv<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Le Point, \u201cAbdelaziz Bouteflika: Les grandes dates d&#8217;une sant\u00e9 fragile\u201d, 20 February 2017, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3b3ndmb3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3b3ndmb3<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 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href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-algeria-election-oath-idUSKBN1YN134\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-algeria-election-oath-idUSKBN1YN134<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d 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\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Voice of America, \u201cMasses return to Algeria streets, demanding reform\u201d, 19 April 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/masses-return-to-algeria-s-streets-demanding-radical-reform\/4883598.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/masses-return-to-algeria-s-streets-demanding-radical-reform\/4883598.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bobin, \u201cAlgerian regime escalates repression by shutting down Human Rights Organization\u201d,<em> Le Monde<\/em>, 2 February 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2023\/02\/02\/algerian-regime-escalates-repression-by-shutting-down-human-rights-organization_6014131_124.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2023\/02\/02\/algerian-regime-escalates-repression-by-shutting-down-human-rights-organization_6014131_124.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bobin and Madjid Zerrouky, \u201cDu Hirak \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression, l&#8217;alg\u00e9rie bascule dans une nouvelle \u00e8re\u201d,<em> Le Monde<\/em>, 10 February 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2023\/02\/10\/du-hirak-a-la-repression-l-algerie-bascule-dans-une-nouvelle-ere_6161333_3212.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2023\/02\/10\/du-hirak-a-la-repression-l-algerie-bascule-dans-une-nouvelle-ere_6161333_3212.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_7').tooltip({ 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\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0621\u064d \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Zine Labidine Ghebouli, \u201cAlgeria&#8217;s opposition after the Hirak: Limitations and divisions\u201d, Middle East Institute, 8 March 203, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/algerias-opposition-after-hirak-limitations-and-divisions\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/algerias-opposition-after-hirak-limitations-and-divisions<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">France 24, \u201cAlgeria says voters approved constitutional changes in referendum\u201d, 2 November 2020, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/Africa\/20201102-algeria-says-voters-approved-constitutional-changes-in-referendum\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/Africa\/20201102-algeria-says-voters-approved-constitutional-changes-in-referendum<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Adel Ourabah, \u201cThe &#8220;new Algeria&#8221; Parliament and the illusion of change from within\u201d, 2 September 2021, <em>The Arab Reform Initiative<\/em>. available at <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/the-new-algeria-parliament-and-the-illusion-of-change-from-within\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/the-new-algeria-parliament-and-the-illusion-of-change-from-within\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 24%<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al Jazeera, \u201cAlgerians approve new constitution after referendum\u201d, 13 November 2020, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/13\/algerias-new-constitution-approved-official-results-show\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/13\/algerias-new-constitution-approved-official-results-show<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u064830%<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Abdelrazzaq bin Abdullah, \u201cVoter turnout reaches 30% in Algeria parliamentary elections\u201d, <em>Anadolu Agency<\/em>, 13 June 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/world\/voter-turnout-reaches-30-in-algeria-parliamentary-elections\/2272118\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/world\/voter-turnout-reaches-30-in-algeria-parliamentary-elections\/2272118<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', 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\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Abdelkader Cheref, \u201cTebboune&#8217;s government is weakening human rights in Algeria\u201d, <em>The New Arab<\/em>, 16 Feburary 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/opinion\/tebbounes-government-weakening-human-rights-algeria\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/opinion\/tebbounes-government-weakening-human-rights-algeria<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jeune Afrique, \u201cLe journaliste alg\u00e9rien ihsane El-Kadi maintenu en d\u00e9tention, malgr\u00e9 l&#8217;absence de ses avocats\u201d, 17 January 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1409265\/politique\/le-journaliste-algerien-ihsane-el-kadi-maintenu-en-detention-malgre-labsence-de-ses-avocats\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1409265\/politique\/le-journaliste-algerien-ihsane-el-kadi-maintenu-en-detention-malgre-labsence-de-ses-avocats\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tout sur l&#8217;Alg\u00e9rie, \u201cAffaire Amira Bouraoui : Plusieurs Personnes arr\u00eat\u00e9es\u201d, 18 Febuary 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tsa-algerie.com\/affaire-amira-bouraoui-plusieurs-personnes-arretees1\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tsa-algerie.com\/affaire-amira-bouraoui-plusieurs-personnes-arretees1\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 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href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2022\/11\/11\/en-algerie-pour-les-militants-des-droits-humains-l-exil-ou-la-prison_6149419_3212.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2022\/11\/11\/en-algerie-pour-les-militants-des-droits-humains-l-exil-ou-la-prison_6149419_3212.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lamine Chikhi, \u201cAnalysis: Confident algeria rides gas high\u201d, <em>Thomson Reuters<\/em>, 18 August 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/confident-algeria-rides-gas-high-2022-08-18\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/confident-algeria-rides-gas-high-2022-08-18\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ania Boumaza, \u201cPerspectives de Croissance de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie revus \u00e0 la baisse pour 2023\u201d, <em>Algerie360<\/em>, 11 June 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algerie360.com\/perspectives-de-croissance-de-lalgerie-revus-a-la-baisse-pour-2023-banque-mondiale\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.algerie360.com\/perspectives-de-croissance-de-lalgerie-revus-a-la-baisse-pour-2023-banque-mondiale\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0650\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Euronews, \u201cAlgeria becomes Italy&#8217;s biggest gas supplier in new \u20ac4bn deal\u201d, 18 July 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2022\/07\/18\/italys-draghi-visits-algeria-for-gas-talks-while-political-crisis-continues-at-home\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2022\/07\/18\/italys-draghi-visits-algeria-for-gas-talks-while-political-crisis-continues-at-home<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/arabic.euronews.com\/2022\/10\/03\/algeria-from-solar-energy-to-green-hydrogen-promising-projects-to-diversify-energy-sources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jean-Pierre Sereni, 2023, \u201cCe cancer financier qui mine l&#8217;alg\u00e9rie\u201d, <em>Orient XXI<\/em>, 17 January 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/ce-cancer-financier-qui-mine-l-algerie,6130\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/ce-cancer-financier-qui-mine-l-algerie,6130<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Public Establishment of Television, \u201cYacine el Mahdi Walid takes office at the head of the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Startups\u201d, 9 September 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.entv.dz\/yacine-el-mahdi-walid-takes-office-at-the-head-of-the-ministry-of-knowledge-economy-and-startups\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.entv.dz\/yacine-el-mahdi-walid-takes-office-at-the-head-of-the-ministry-of-knowledge-economy-and-startups\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Algeria Press Service, \u201cLe Statut de l&#8217;auto-entrepreneur favorisera l&#8217;acc\u00e8s des jeunes au march\u00e9 du travail\u201d, 22 November 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4t2r7z8d\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4t2r7z8d<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See China Business Law Journal, Overview of bright spots in Algeria&#8217;s New Investment Law, January 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25nty9se\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25nty9se<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2023 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Andalou Agency, \u201cAlg\u00e9rie: Le Pr\u00e9sident Tebboune signe la loi de finances 2023\u201d, 25 December 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5n832suv\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5n832suv<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0631\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Abdelkrim M., \u201cNum\u00e9risation du Secteur des finances dans un d\u00e9lai de 6 mois\u202f: L\u2019ultimatum de Abdelmadjid Tebboune\u201d, <em>El Watan<\/em>, , 5 April 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/elwatan-dz.com\/numerisation-du-secteur-des-finances-dans-un-delai-de-6-mois-lultimatum-de-abdelmadjid-tebboune\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/elwatan-dz.com\/numerisation-du-secteur-des-finances-dans-un-delai-de-6-mois-lultimatum-de-abdelmadjid-tebboune<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 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\u00e9tait pr\u00eate \u00e0 intervenir\u201d, <em>Algerie Eco<\/em>, 8 June 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algerie-eco.com\/2021\/06\/08\/libye-tebboune-revele-que-lalgerie-etait-prete-a-intervenir\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.algerie-eco.com\/2021\/06\/08\/libye-tebboune-revele-que-lalgerie-etait-prete-a-intervenir\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/algeria-suspends-treaty-friendship-cooperation-with-spain-state-media-2022-06-08<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27720_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">31<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al Jazeera, \u201cTimeline: Algeria and Morocco\u2019s diplomatic disputes\u201d, 15 January 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/1\/15\/timeline-algeria-and-moroccos-diplomatic-disputes\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/1\/15\/timeline-algeria-and-moroccos-diplomatic-disputes<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27720_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 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class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_27720_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_27720_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_27720_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_27720_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Radio France Internationale, \u201cAlgeria&#8217;s Bouteflika submits resignation: State TV\u201d, 2 April 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/en\/contenu\/20190402-algerias-bouteflika-submits-resignation-state-tv\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/en\/contenu\/20190402-algerias-bouteflika-submits-resignation-state-tv<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Le Point, \u201cAbdelaziz Bouteflika: Les grandes dates d&#8217;une sant\u00e9 fragile\u201d, 20 February 2017, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3b3ndmb3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3b3ndmb3<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lamine Chikhi, \u201cAlgeria swears in new president, Protest Movement Debates response\u201d, <em>Thomson Reuters<\/em>, 19 December 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-algeria-election-oath-idUSKBN1YN134\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-algeria-election-oath-idUSKBN1YN134<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Voice of America, \u201cMasses return to Algeria streets, demanding reform\u201d, 19 April 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/masses-return-to-algeria-s-streets-demanding-radical-reform\/4883598.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/masses-return-to-algeria-s-streets-demanding-radical-reform\/4883598.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">YouTube, \u201cTizi Ouzou: Les manifestants Scandent &#8220;Silmiya Silmya\u201d, 13 December 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zpnZnVmqfEc\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zpnZnVmqfEc<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bobin, \u201cAlgerian regime escalates repression by shutting down Human Rights Organization\u201d,<em> Le Monde<\/em>, 2 February 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2023\/02\/02\/algerian-regime-escalates-repression-by-shutting-down-human-rights-organization_6014131_124.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/le-monde-africa\/article\/2023\/02\/02\/algerian-regime-escalates-repression-by-shutting-down-human-rights-organization_6014131_124.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bobin and Madjid Zerrouky, \u201cDu Hirak \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression, l&#8217;alg\u00e9rie bascule dans une nouvelle \u00e8re\u201d,<em> Le Monde<\/em>, 10 February 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2023\/02\/10\/du-hirak-a-la-repression-l-algerie-bascule-dans-une-nouvelle-ere_6161333_3212.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2023\/02\/10\/du-hirak-a-la-repression-l-algerie-bascule-dans-une-nouvelle-ere_6161333_3212.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zine Labidine Ghebouli, \u201cAlgeria&#8217;s opposition after the Hirak: Limitations and divisions\u201d, Middle East Institute, 8 March 203, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/algerias-opposition-after-hirak-limitations-and-divisions\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/algerias-opposition-after-hirak-limitations-and-divisions<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">France 24, \u201cAlgeria says voters approved constitutional changes in referendum\u201d, 2 November 2020, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/Africa\/20201102-algeria-says-voters-approved-constitutional-changes-in-referendum\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/Africa\/20201102-algeria-says-voters-approved-constitutional-changes-in-referendum<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Adel Ourabah, \u201cThe &#8220;new Algeria&#8221; Parliament and the illusion of change from within\u201d, 2 September 2021, <em>The Arab Reform Initiative<\/em>. available at <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/the-new-algeria-parliament-and-the-illusion-of-change-from-within\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/the-new-algeria-parliament-and-the-illusion-of-change-from-within\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al Jazeera, \u201cAlgerians approve new constitution after referendum\u201d, 13 November 2020, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/13\/algerias-new-constitution-approved-official-results-show\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/13\/algerias-new-constitution-approved-official-results-show<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abdelrazzaq bin Abdullah, \u201cVoter turnout reaches 30% in Algeria parliamentary elections\u201d, <em>Anadolu Agency<\/em>, 13 June 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/world\/voter-turnout-reaches-30-in-algeria-parliamentary-elections\/2272118\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/world\/voter-turnout-reaches-30-in-algeria-parliamentary-elections\/2272118<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abdelkader Cheref, \u201cTebboune&#8217;s government is weakening human rights in Algeria\u201d, <em>The New Arab<\/em>, 16 Feburary 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/opinion\/tebbounes-government-weakening-human-rights-algeria\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/opinion\/tebbounes-government-weakening-human-rights-algeria<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jeune Afrique, \u201cLe journaliste alg\u00e9rien ihsane El-Kadi maintenu en d\u00e9tention, malgr\u00e9 l&#8217;absence de ses avocats\u201d, 17 January 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1409265\/politique\/le-journaliste-algerien-ihsane-el-kadi-maintenu-en-detention-malgre-labsence-de-ses-avocats\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1409265\/politique\/le-journaliste-algerien-ihsane-el-kadi-maintenu-en-detention-malgre-labsence-de-ses-avocats\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tout sur l&#8217;Alg\u00e9rie, \u201cAffaire Amira Bouraoui : Plusieurs Personnes arr\u00eat\u00e9es\u201d, 18 Febuary 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tsa-algerie.com\/affaire-amira-bouraoui-plusieurs-personnes-arretees1\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tsa-algerie.com\/affaire-amira-bouraoui-plusieurs-personnes-arretees1\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mustapha Kessous and Madjid Zerrouky, \u201cEn alg\u00e9rie, pour les militants des droits humains, l&#8217;exil ou la prison\u201d, <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 11 November 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2022\/11\/11\/en-algerie-pour-les-militants-des-droits-humains-l-exil-ou-la-prison_6149419_3212.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2022\/11\/11\/en-algerie-pour-les-militants-des-droits-humains-l-exil-ou-la-prison_6149419_3212.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<a href=\"https:\/\/menarights.org\/ar\/articles\/fy-wst-kwfyd-19-alhkwmt-aljzayryt-tshdd-qanwn-alqwbat-ly-hsab-hryt-altbyr-wtkwyn-aljmyat\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/menarights.org\/ar\/articles\/fy-wst-kwfyd-19-alhkwmt-aljzayryt-tshdd-qanwn-alqwbat-ly-hsab-hryt-altbyr-wtkwyn-aljmyat<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lamine Chikhi, \u201cAnalysis: Confident algeria rides gas high\u201d, <em>Thomson Reuters<\/em>, 18 August 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/confident-algeria-rides-gas-high-2022-08-18\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/confident-algeria-rides-gas-high-2022-08-18\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ania Boumaza, \u201cPerspectives de Croissance de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie revus \u00e0 la baisse pour 2023\u201d, <em>Algerie360<\/em>, 11 June 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algerie360.com\/perspectives-de-croissance-de-lalgerie-revus-a-la-baisse-pour-2023-banque-mondiale\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.algerie360.com\/perspectives-de-croissance-de-lalgerie-revus-a-la-baisse-pour-2023-banque-mondiale\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Euronews, \u201cAlgeria becomes Italy&#8217;s biggest gas supplier in new \u20ac4bn deal\u201d, 18 July 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2022\/07\/18\/italys-draghi-visits-algeria-for-gas-talks-while-political-crisis-continues-at-home\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2022\/07\/18\/italys-draghi-visits-algeria-for-gas-talks-while-political-crisis-continues-at-home<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631.. \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221;\u060c 5 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<a href=\"https:\/\/arabic.euronews.com\/2022\/10\/03\/algeria-from-solar-energy-to-green-hydrogen-promising-projects-to-diversify-energy-sources\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/arabic.euronews.com\/2022\/10\/03\/algeria-from-solar-energy-to-green-hydrogen-promising-projects-to-diversify-energy-sources<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jean-Pierre Sereni, 2023, \u201cCe cancer financier qui mine l&#8217;alg\u00e9rie\u201d, <em>Orient XXI<\/em>, 17 January 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/ce-cancer-financier-qui-mine-l-algerie,6130\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/ce-cancer-financier-qui-mine-l-algerie,6130<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Public Establishment of Television, \u201cYacine el Mahdi Walid takes office at the head of the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Startups\u201d, 9 September 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.entv.dz\/yacine-el-mahdi-walid-takes-office-at-the-head-of-the-ministry-of-knowledge-economy-and-startups\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.entv.dz\/yacine-el-mahdi-walid-takes-office-at-the-head-of-the-ministry-of-knowledge-economy-and-startups\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Algeria Press Service, \u201cLe Statut de l&#8217;auto-entrepreneur favorisera l&#8217;acc\u00e8s des jeunes au march\u00e9 du travail\u201d, 22 November 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4t2r7z8d\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4t2r7z8d<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See China Business Law Journal, Overview of bright spots in Algeria&#8217;s New Investment Law, January 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25nty9se\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/25nty9se<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Andalou Agency, \u201cAlg\u00e9rie: Le Pr\u00e9sident Tebboune signe la loi de finances 2023\u201d, 25 December 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5n832suv\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5n832suv<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abdelkrim M., \u201cNum\u00e9risation du Secteur des finances dans un d\u00e9lai de 6 mois\u202f: L\u2019ultimatum de Abdelmadjid Tebboune\u201d, <em>El Watan<\/em>, , 5 April 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/elwatan-dz.com\/numerisation-du-secteur-des-finances-dans-un-delai-de-6-mois-lultimatum-de-abdelmadjid-tebboune\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/elwatan-dz.com\/numerisation-du-secteur-des-finances-dans-un-delai-de-6-mois-lultimatum-de-abdelmadjid-tebboune<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Arezki Benali, \u201cLibye\u202f: Tebboune R\u00e9v\u00e8le Que l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie \u00e9tait pr\u00eate \u00e0 intervenir\u201d, <em>Algerie Eco<\/em>, 8 June 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algerie-eco.com\/2021\/06\/08\/libye-tebboune-revele-que-lalgerie-etait-prete-a-intervenir\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.algerie-eco.com\/2021\/06\/08\/libye-tebboune-revele-que-lalgerie-etait-prete-a-intervenir\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lamine Chikhi, \u201cAlgeria suspends Spain Treaty, bars imports over Western Sahara\u201d, <em>Thomson Reuters<\/em>, 9 June 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/algeria-suspends-treaty-friendship-cooperation-with-spain-state-media-2022-06-08\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/algeria-suspends-treaty-friendship-cooperation-with-spain-state-media-2022-06-08<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The New Arab, \u201cAlgeria among new countries elected to UN Security Council\u201d, 6 June 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/algeria-among-new-countries-elected-un-security-council\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/algeria-among-new-countries-elected-un-security-council<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27720_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27720_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27720_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al Jazeera, \u201cTimeline: Algeria and Morocco\u2019s diplomatic disputes\u201d, 15 January 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/1\/15\/timeline-algeria-and-moroccos-diplomatic-disputes\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/1\/15\/timeline-algeria-and-moroccos-diplomatic-disputes<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_27720_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_27720_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_27720_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_27720_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_27720_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_27720_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_27720_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_27720_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_27720_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_27720_1(); } } function 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