{"id":27423,"date":"2023-07-28T11:15:11","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T09:15:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=27423"},"modified":"2023-07-31T09:16:44","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T07:16:44","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac-%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac-%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/content\/youth-andvulnerability-global-perspective\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/content\/youth-andvulnerability-global-perspective<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Bank, Youth Unemployment Rate for Iraq, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 19, 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/SLUEM1524ZSIRQ\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/SLUEM1524ZSIRQ<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064c \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 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\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 12 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-fanarmedia.org\/ar\/2020\/11\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-fanarmedia.org\/ar\/2020\/11\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064c \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 (\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 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jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 93% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cCash for Work\u201d, FAO in Iraq, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/iraq\/programmes-and-projects\/success-stories\/cash-for-work\/ar\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/iraq\/programmes-and-projects\/success-stories\/cash-for-work\/ar\/<\/span><\/a> (FAO Iraq, \u201cCash for Work\u201d).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cCash for Work Standard Operating Procedures\u201d, Emergency Livelihoods Cluster \u2013 Iraq, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/sites\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/files\/documents\/files\/cash_for_work_sops.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/sites\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/files\/documents\/files\/cash_for_work_sops.pdf<\/span><\/a> (ELC, \u201cCash for Work SOPs\u201d).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">ELC, \u201cCash for Work SOPs\u201d.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cNRC in Iraq\u201d, Norwegian Refugee Council, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.no\/countries\/middle-east\/iraq\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nrc.no\/countries\/middle-east\/iraq\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash#tab=tab_1\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash#tab=tab_1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a 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available at <a href=\"https:\/\/garment.dony.vn\/top-2-garment-manufacturing-companies-in-iraq\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/garment.dony.vn\/top-2-garment-manufacturing-companies-in-iraq\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a&#8221;\u060c 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.menabytes.com\/careem-iraq<\/span><\/a>; Bolt website, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/bolt.eu\/en\/cities\/baghdad\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bolt.eu\/en\/cities\/baghdad\/<\/span><\/a>; Toters website, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.totersapp.com\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.totersapp.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UNDP Iraq, <em>Iraq MSME 2020 Survey: Final Report<\/em>, September 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/migration\/iq\/UNDP_IQ_MSME_Survey_Final_Report_EN.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/migration\/iq\/UNDP_IQ_MSME_Survey_Final_Report_EN.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 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'#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Wassim Maktabi, Sami Zoughaib, and Carol Abi Ghanem, \u201cLebanon\u2019s \u2018Missing Middle\u2019: Online Deliver Workers Under Precarious Conditions\u201d, The Policy Initiative, 8 April 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thepolicyinitiative.org\/article\/details\/80\/lebanon%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cmissing-middle%E2%80%9D-online-delivery-workers-under-precarious-conditions\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thepolicyinitiative.org\/article\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Keify M. Qadr, Abdulsamih M. Rahman and Sangar Y. Salih, <em>The Condition of Workers\u2019 Rights and Freedom of Labor Union In Kurdistan Region and Iraq<\/em>, OHCHR,\u00a0 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/uprdoc.ohchr.org\/uprweb\/downloadfile.aspx?filename=6742&amp;file=Annexe1\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/uprdoc.ohchr.org\/uprweb\/downloadfile.aspx?filename=6742&amp;file=Annexe1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rebecca Henderson, \u201cHow COVID-19 Has Transformed The Gig Economy\u201d, Forbes, 10 December 2020, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/rebeccahenderson\/2020\/12\/10\/how-covid-19-has-transformed-the-gig-economy\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 ILO, <em>Partnership for Improving Prospects for Forcibly Displaced Persons and Host Communities<\/em>, February 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/documents\/download\/90753\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/documents\/download\/90753\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/documents\/download\/90753<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 \u201cIFC Investments Help Support Iraq\u2019s Economic Stability\u201d, International Finance Corporation: World Bank Group, 19 October 2016, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/pressroom.ifc.org\/all\/pages\/PressDetail.aspx?ID=15792\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pressroom.ifc.org\/all\/pages\/PressDetail.aspx?ID=15792<\/span><\/a>; see also <em>Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Iraq for the Period FY2022 \u2013 FY <\/em>2026, The World Bank Group, 12 July 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/914101628604096499\/pdf\/Iraq-Country-Partnership-Framework-for-the-Period-FY2022-FY2026.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 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offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_33');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">33<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_33\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Heath Henderson, \u201cWhy cash payments aren\u2019t always the best tool the help poor people\u201d, The Conversation, 17 March 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-cash-payments-arent-always-the-best-tool-to-help-poor-people-156019\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-cash-payments-arent-always-the-best-tool-to-help-poor-people-156019<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_33').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_33', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">34<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 Independent \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00a0&#8220;\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independentarabia.com\/node\/292611\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A\/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%9F\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.independentarabia.com\/node\/292611\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">35<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 Stephen Kidd, Bjorn Gelders, and Dilo\u00e1 Bailey-Athias, <em>Exclusion by design: An assessment of the effectiveness of the proxy means test poverty targeting mechanism<\/em>, International Labor Office \u2013 Development Pathways, 2017, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---dgreports\/---integration\/documents\/publication\/wcms_568678.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;dgreports\/&#8212;integration\/documents\/publication\/wcms_568678.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_36');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_36');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">36<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Farah Al Shami, \u201cPromoting Democratic Governance: Rethinking our understanding of vulnerability under the pandemic\u201d, CORE (COVID-19 Responses for Equity), 31 January 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/c19re.org\/rethinking-our-understanding-of-vulnerability-under-the-pandemic\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/c19re.org\/rethinking-our-understanding-of-vulnerability-under-the-pandemic\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_38');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">38<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ladonna Pavetti, \u201cTANF Cash Assistance Helps Families, But Program Is Not the Success Some Claim\u201d, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2 August 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/income-security\/tanf-cash-assistance-helps-families-but-program-is-not-the-success-some\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/income-security\/tanf-cash-assistance-helps-families-but-program-is-not-the-success-some<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_39');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_39');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">39<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_39\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2011\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-economic-monitor-the-slippery-road-to-economic-recovery\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-economic-monitor-the-slippery-road-to-economic-recovery<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">40<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_40\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Massaab Al-Aloosy, \u201cIraq\u2019s Water Crisis: An Existential But Unheeded Threat\u201d, The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, 27 August 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/agsiw.org\/iraqs-water-crisis-an-existential-but-unheeded-threat\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/agsiw.org\/iraqs-water-crisis-an-existential-but-unheeded-threat\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_40').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_40', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_42');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_42');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">42<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_42\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sarwar Abdullah, \u201cClientelism: factionalism in the allocation of public resources in Iraq after 2003\u201d, Taylor &amp; Francis Online, 14 March 2018, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00263206.2018.1444607?journalCode=fmes20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00263206.2018.1444607?journalCode=fmes20<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_42').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_42', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_43');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_43');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">43<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_43\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Alexander Hamilton, <em>The Political Economy of Economic Policy in Iraq<\/em>, The London School of Economics Middle East Centre, March 2020, available at <u><a href=\"https:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/104086\/4\/Hamilton_political_economy_of_economic_policy_iraq_published.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/104086\/4\/Hamilton_political_economy_of_economic_policy_iraq_published.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/u> (Hamilton, <em>The Political Economy<\/em>).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_43').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_43', tipClass: 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_44');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_44');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">44<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_44\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Adnan Abu Zeed, \u201cIraqi government takes on housing crisis\u201d, Al-Monitor, 25 June 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/arabreform.sharepoint.com\/sites\/Publications\/Shared%20Documents\/Research%20Papers\/2023%20-%20Iraq%20youth%20livelihoods%20-%20Farah%20al%20Shami\/Adnan%20Abu%20Zeed,%20%E2%80%9CIraqi%20government%20takes%20on%20housing%20crisis%E2%80%9D,%20Al-Monitor,25%20June%202021,%20available%20at%20https:\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/06\/iraqi-government-takes-housing-crisis\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/06\/iraqi-government-takes-housing-crisis<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_44').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_44', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_45');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">45<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_45\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hamilton, <em>The Political Economy<\/em>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_45').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_45', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">46<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_46\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mudhafar Husni Ali, <em>Trade Policy in Iraq after 2003 and It\u2019s Impact on Foriegn Direct Investment<\/em>, Iraqi Journal for Economic Sciences, 2013, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq\/index.php\/ecournal\/article\/download\/144\/108\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq\/index.php\/ecournal\/article\/download\/144\/108<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_46').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_46', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banking-journal\/feature\/2073843\/iraqs-botched-currency-reform\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banking-journal\/feature\/2073843\/iraqs-botched-currency-reform<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_47').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_47', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_49\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.albankaldawli.org\/ar\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-human-development-public-expenditure-review-addressing-the-human-capital-crisis-a-public-expenditure-review-for-hum\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.albankaldawli.org\/ar\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-human-development-public-expenditure-review-addressing-the-human-capital-crisis-a-public-expenditure-review-for-hum<\/span><\/a> (World Bank Group, <em>Addressing the Human Capital Crisis<\/em>).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_49').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_49', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> )\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_50');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_50');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">50<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_50\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 (World Bank Group, <em>Addressing the Human Capital Crisis<\/em>).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_50').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_50', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2022\/11\/6\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2022\/11\/6\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_52').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_52', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">54<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_54\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ahmed Qasim Meften, <em>Youth in Iraq: FES MENA Youth Study: Results Analysis<\/em>, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, December 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/20070-20230223.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/20070-20230223.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_54').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_54', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0643 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 20 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2021\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2021\/05\/27\/feature\/economy\/predatory-for-profit-loans-dominate-egypts-microfinancing-sector\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_55').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_55', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">56<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_56\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Vincent Durac, \u201cThe Role of Non-State Actors in Arab Countries after the Arab Uprisings\u201d, IEMed, 2015, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/the-role-of-non-state-actors-in-arab-countries-after-the-arab-uprisings\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/the-role-of-non-state-actors-in-arab-countries-after-the-arab-uprisings\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_56').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_56', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_57\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The Cash Learning Partnership, <em>Cash Consortium of Iraq (CCI): Case Study Findings<\/em>, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/calp-inter-agency-collaboration-cs-iraq-web.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/calp-inter-agency-collaboration-cs-iraq-web.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_57').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_57', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_58');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_58');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">58<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_58\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Emily Savage, <em>Humanitarian Cash and Social Protection in Iraq: CaLP Case Study<\/em>, The Cash Learning Partnership, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ninja-forms\/2\/CaLP-Iraq-Case-Study-WEB.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ninja-forms\/2\/CaLP-Iraq-Case-Study-WEB.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_58').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_58', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 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\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_59');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_27423_1('footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_59');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">59<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_59\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nicolas de Torrente, \u201cHumanitarian Action Under Attack: Reflections on the Iraq War\u201d, <em>Harvard Human Rights Journal Vol. 17<\/em>, 2004, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/harvardhrj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2020\/06\/17HHRJ1-Torrente.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/harvardhrj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2020\/06\/17HHRJ1-Torrente.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_59').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_27423_1_59', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a &#8211; \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064f\u062d\u064f\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 &#8211; \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0652\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_27423_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_27423_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_27423_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_27423_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645: <u><a href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/content\/youth-andvulnerability-global-perspective\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/content\/youth-andvulnerability-global-perspective<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">International Labor Organization, <em>Decent Work Country Programme: Iraq: Recovery and Reform, 2019-2023<\/em>, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---arabstates\/---ro-beirut\/documents\/genericdocument\/wcms_736362.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">World Bank, Youth Unemployment Rate for Iraq, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 19, 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/SLUEM1524ZSIRQ\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/SLUEM1524ZSIRQ<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 12 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-fanarmedia.org\/ar\/2020\/11\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-fanarmedia.org\/ar\/2020\/11\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c &#8221; \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0641\u064a 2014&#8243;\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 13 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d8%ba%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b5%d8%b1\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 &#8211; \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a 23 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021. \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 35 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Food Security Cluster, <em>Cash for Work (CFW) Guidance Note<\/em>, CALP Network, 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/cash-work-cfw-guidance-note\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/cash-work-cfw-guidance-note<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cCash for Work\u201d, FAO in Iraq, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/iraq\/programmes-and-projects\/success-stories\/cash-for-work\/ar\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/iraq\/programmes-and-projects\/success-stories\/cash-for-work\/ar\/<\/span><\/a> (FAO Iraq, \u201cCash for Work\u201d).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cCash for Work Standard Operating Procedures\u201d, Emergency Livelihoods Cluster \u2013 Iraq, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/sites\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/files\/documents\/files\/cash_for_work_sops.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/sites\/www.humanitarianresponse.info\/files\/documents\/files\/cash_for_work_sops.pdf<\/span><\/a> (ELC, \u201cCash for Work SOPs\u201d).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">ELC, \u201cCash for Work SOPs\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cNRC in Iraq\u201d, Norwegian Refugee Council, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.no\/countries\/middle-east\/iraq\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nrc.no\/countries\/middle-east\/iraq\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash#tab=tab_1\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash#tab=tab_1<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">FAO Iraq, \u201cCash for Work\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 ELC, \u201cCash for Work SOPs\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626&#8221; \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0636\u0645 48 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u00a0See \u201cEmergency Livelihoods\u201d, OCHA Services, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/response.reliefweb.int\/iraq\/emergency-livelihoods\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/response.reliefweb.int\/iraq\/emergency-livelihoods<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">ELC, \u201cCash for Work SOPs\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">ELC, \u201cCash for Work SOPs\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Work Rights Centre, \u201cWhat is Precarious Work?\u201d, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.workrightscentre.org\/what-is-precarious-work\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.workrightscentre.org\/what-is-precarious-work<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 9 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/almashareq.com\/ar\/articles\/cnmi_am\/features\/2023\/03\/09\/feature-02\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/almashareq.com\/ar\/articles\/cnmi_am\/features\/2023\/03\/09\/feature-02<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Isabella Aburakia and Johanna Graf, \u201cPros and cons of Cash-for-Work measures in crises and forced displacement contexts\u201d, KFW, 24 February 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/pros-and-cons-cash-work-measures-crises-and-forced-displacement-contexts\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/pros-and-cons-cash-work-measures-crises-and-forced-displacement-contexts<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Taxi Caller website, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taxicaller.com\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.taxicaller.com\/<\/span><\/a>; \u201cTop 2 Garment Manufacturing Companies in Iraq\u201d, DONY Garment Vietnam, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/garment.dony.vn\/top-2-garment-manufacturing-companies-in-iraq\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/garment.dony.vn\/top-2-garment-manufacturing-companies-in-iraq\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">MENAbytes staff, \u201cCareem expands to Iraq with launch of operations in Baghdad\u201d, MENAbytes, 15 January 2018, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.menabytes.com\/careem-iraq\/%23:~:text=Careem%2C%20the%20Dubai-headquartered%20ride,to%20call%20broader%20Middle%20East\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.menabytes.com\/careem-iraq<\/span><\/a>; Bolt website, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/bolt.eu\/en\/cities\/baghdad\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bolt.eu\/en\/cities\/baghdad\/<\/span><\/a>; Toters website, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.totersapp.com\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.totersapp.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UNDP Iraq, <em>Iraq MSME 2020 Survey: Final Report<\/em>, September 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/migration\/iq\/UNDP_IQ_MSME_Survey_Final_Report_EN.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/migration\/iq\/UNDP_IQ_MSME_Survey_Final_Report_EN.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Anna Gin\u00e9s i Fabrellas, \u201cThe gig economy: What are the effects on workers\u2019 rights?\u201d, Do Better, 20 October 2019, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/dobetter.esade.edu\/en\/the-gig-economy\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/dobetter.esade.edu\/en\/the-gig-economy<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Wassim Maktabi, Sami Zoughaib, and Carol Abi Ghanem, \u201cLebanon\u2019s \u2018Missing Middle\u2019: Online Deliver Workers Under Precarious Conditions\u201d, The Policy Initiative, 8 April 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thepolicyinitiative.org\/article\/details\/80\/lebanon%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cmissing-middle%E2%80%9D-online-delivery-workers-under-precarious-conditions\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thepolicyinitiative.org\/article\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Keify M. Qadr, Abdulsamih M. Rahman and Sangar Y. Salih, <em>The Condition of Workers\u2019 Rights and Freedom of Labor Union In Kurdistan Region and Iraq<\/em>, OHCHR,\u00a0 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/uprdoc.ohchr.org\/uprweb\/downloadfile.aspx?filename=6742&amp;file=Annexe1\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/uprdoc.ohchr.org\/uprweb\/downloadfile.aspx?filename=6742&amp;file=Annexe1<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rebecca Henderson, \u201cHow COVID-19 Has Transformed The Gig Economy\u201d, Forbes, 10 December 2020, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/rebeccahenderson\/2020\/12\/10\/how-covid-19-has-transformed-the-gig-economy\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 ILO, <em>Partnership for Improving Prospects for Forcibly Displaced Persons and Host Communities<\/em>, February 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/documents\/download\/90753\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/documents\/download\/90753\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/documents\/download\/90753<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 \u201cIFC Investments Help Support Iraq\u2019s Economic Stability\u201d, International Finance Corporation: World Bank Group, 19 October 2016, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/pressroom.ifc.org\/all\/pages\/PressDetail.aspx?ID=15792\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pressroom.ifc.org\/all\/pages\/PressDetail.aspx?ID=15792<\/span><\/a>; see also <em>Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Iraq for the Period FY2022 \u2013 FY <\/em>2026, The World Bank Group, 12 July 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/914101628604096499\/pdf\/Iraq-Country-Partnership-Framework-for-the-Period-FY2022-FY2026.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kristin Smart, <em>Challenging the system: humanitarian cash transfers in Iraq<\/em>, Overseas Development Institute, March 2017, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.odi.org\/media\/documents\/11420.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/cdn.odi.org\/media\/documents\/11420.pdf<\/span><\/a> (Smart, <em>Challenging the system<\/em>).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Smart, <em>Challenging the system<\/em>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Heath Henderson, \u201cWhy cash payments aren\u2019t always the best tool the help poor people\u201d, The Conversation, 17 March 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-cash-payments-arent-always-the-best-tool-to-help-poor-people-156019\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-cash-payments-arent-always-the-best-tool-to-help-poor-people-156019<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Independent \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00a0&#8220;\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independentarabia.com\/node\/292611\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A\/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%9F\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.independentarabia.com\/node\/292611\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Stephen Kidd, Bjorn Gelders, and Dilo\u00e1 Bailey-Athias, <em>Exclusion by design: An assessment of the effectiveness of the proxy means test poverty targeting mechanism<\/em>, International Labor Office \u2013 Development Pathways, 2017, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---dgreports\/---integration\/documents\/publication\/wcms_568678.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;dgreports\/&#8212;integration\/documents\/publication\/wcms_568678.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Farah Al Shami, \u201cPromoting Democratic Governance: Rethinking our understanding of vulnerability under the pandemic\u201d, CORE (COVID-19 Responses for Equity), 31 January 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/c19re.org\/rethinking-our-understanding-of-vulnerability-under-the-pandemic\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/c19re.org\/rethinking-our-understanding-of-vulnerability-under-the-pandemic\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Smart, <em>Challenging the system<\/em>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ladonna Pavetti, \u201cTANF Cash Assistance Helps Families, But Program Is Not the Success Some Claim\u201d, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2 August 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/income-security\/tanf-cash-assistance-helps-families-but-program-is-not-the-success-some\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/income-security\/tanf-cash-assistance-helps-families-but-program-is-not-the-success-some<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2011\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-economic-monitor-the-slippery-road-to-economic-recovery\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-economic-monitor-the-slippery-road-to-economic-recovery<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_40');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Massaab Al-Aloosy, \u201cIraq\u2019s Water Crisis: An Existential But Unheeded Threat\u201d, The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, 27 August 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/agsiw.org\/iraqs-water-crisis-an-existential-but-unheeded-threat\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/agsiw.org\/iraqs-water-crisis-an-existential-but-unheeded-threat\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_41');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0641\u060c 8 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/iraq\/ar\/%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-45-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B1\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/iraq\/ar\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_42');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>42<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sarwar Abdullah, \u201cClientelism: factionalism in the allocation of public resources in Iraq after 2003\u201d, Taylor &amp; Francis Online, 14 March 2018, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00263206.2018.1444607?journalCode=fmes20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00263206.2018.1444607?journalCode=fmes20<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_43');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>43<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Alexander Hamilton, <em>The Political Economy of Economic Policy in Iraq<\/em>, The London School of Economics Middle East Centre, March 2020, available at <u><a href=\"https:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/104086\/4\/Hamilton_political_economy_of_economic_policy_iraq_published.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/104086\/4\/Hamilton_political_economy_of_economic_policy_iraq_published.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/u> (Hamilton, <em>The Political Economy<\/em>).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_44');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>44<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Adnan Abu Zeed, \u201cIraqi government takes on housing crisis\u201d, Al-Monitor, 25 June 2021, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/arabreform.sharepoint.com\/sites\/Publications\/Shared%20Documents\/Research%20Papers\/2023%20-%20Iraq%20youth%20livelihoods%20-%20Farah%20al%20Shami\/Adnan%20Abu%20Zeed,%20%E2%80%9CIraqi%20government%20takes%20on%20housing%20crisis%E2%80%9D,%20Al-Monitor,25%20June%202021,%20available%20at%20https:\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/06\/iraqi-government-takes-housing-crisis\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/06\/iraqi-government-takes-housing-crisis<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_45');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>45<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hamilton, <em>The Political Economy<\/em>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_46');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>46<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mudhafar Husni Ali, <em>Trade Policy in Iraq after 2003 and It\u2019s Impact on Foriegn Direct Investment<\/em>, Iraqi Journal for Economic Sciences, 2013, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq\/index.php\/ecournal\/article\/download\/144\/108\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq\/index.php\/ecournal\/article\/download\/144\/108<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_47');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>47<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Steve Hanke and Matt Sekerke, \u201cIraq\u2019s botched currency reform\u201d, Central Banking, 11 February 2004, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banking-journal\/feature\/2073843\/iraqs-botched-currency-reform\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banking-journal\/feature\/2073843\/iraqs-botched-currency-reform<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_48');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>48<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Winthrop Rodgers, \u201cWhy cash is still king in Iraq\u201d, Rest of World, 8 February 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/restofworld.org\/2023\/iraq-digital-payments\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/restofworld.org\/2023\/iraq-digital-payments\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_49');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>49<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.albankaldawli.org\/ar\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-human-development-public-expenditure-review-addressing-the-human-capital-crisis-a-public-expenditure-review-for-hum\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.albankaldawli.org\/ar\/country\/iraq\/publication\/iraq-human-development-public-expenditure-review-addressing-the-human-capital-crisis-a-public-expenditure-review-for-hum<\/span><\/a> (World Bank Group, <em>Addressing the Human Capital Crisis<\/em>).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_50');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>50<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 (World Bank Group, <em>Addressing the Human Capital Crisis<\/em>).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_51');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>51<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648)\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c 2019\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000371374_ara\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000371374_ara<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_52');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>52<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c &#8221; \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647&#8230; \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644&#8221;\u060c 6 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2022\/11\/6\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2022\/11\/6\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_53');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>53<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/globalinitiative.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/OC-in-the-Levant-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%92%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/globalinitiative.net\/pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_54');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>54<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ahmed Qasim Meften, <em>Youth in Iraq: FES MENA Youth Study: Results Analysis<\/em>, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, December 2022, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/20070-20230223.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/20070-20230223.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_55');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>55<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 20 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2021\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2021\/05\/27\/feature\/economy\/predatory-for-profit-loans-dominate-egypts-microfinancing-sector\/<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_56');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>56<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Vincent Durac, \u201cThe Role of Non-State Actors in Arab Countries after the Arab Uprisings\u201d, IEMed, 2015, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/the-role-of-non-state-actors-in-arab-countries-after-the-arab-uprisings\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/the-role-of-non-state-actors-in-arab-countries-after-the-arab-uprisings\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_57');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>57<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The Cash Learning Partnership, <em>Cash Consortium of Iraq (CCI): Case Study Findings<\/em>, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/calp-inter-agency-collaboration-cs-iraq-web.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/calp-inter-agency-collaboration-cs-iraq-web.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_58');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>58<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Emily Savage, <em>Humanitarian Cash and Social Protection in Iraq: CaLP Case Study<\/em>, The Cash Learning Partnership, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ninja-forms\/2\/CaLP-Iraq-Case-Study-WEB.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.calpnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ninja-forms\/2\/CaLP-Iraq-Case-Study-WEB.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_59');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>59<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nicolas de Torrente, \u201cHumanitarian Action Under Attack: Reflections on the Iraq War\u201d, <em>Harvard Human Rights Journal Vol. 17<\/em>, 2004, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/harvardhrj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2020\/06\/17HHRJ1-Torrente.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/harvardhrj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2020\/06\/17HHRJ1-Torrente.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_60');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>60<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c 14 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2023\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_27423_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_27423_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_27423_1_61');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>61<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Alannah Travers, \u201cTaking stock of the UN\u2019s shift away from emergency aid in Iraq\u201d, The New Humanitarian, 20 March 2023, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/news-feature\/2023\/03\/20\/un-united-nations-shift-away-emergency-aid-iraq\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/news-feature\/2023\/03\/20\/un-united-nations-shift-away-emergency-aid-iraq<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_27423_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_27423_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_27423_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_27423_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_27423_1').hide(); 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