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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26943_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26943_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26943_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jean-Loup Samaan, \u201cThe Rise of the Emirati Defense Industry,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 14 May 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/79121\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/79121<\/span><\/a>;\u00a0 Elenora Ardemagni, \u201cThe UAE\u2019s Military Training-Focused Foreign Policy,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 22 October 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/83033\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/83033<\/span><\/a>; Melissa Dalton and Hijab Shah, \u201cEvolving UAE Military and Foreign Security Cooperation: Path Toward Military Professionalism,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 12 January 2021,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/01\/12\/evolving-uae-military-and-foreign-security-cooperation-path-toward-military-professionalism-pub-83549\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/01\/12\/evolving-uae-military-and-foreign-security-cooperation-path-toward-military-professionalism-pub-83549<\/span><\/a>; Elenora Ardemagni, \u201c Building New Gulf States Through Conscription,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 25 April 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/76178\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/76178<\/span><\/a>; Elenora Ardemagni, \u201cGulf Monarchies\u2019 Militarized Nationalism,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 28 February 2019,<a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/78472\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/78472<\/span><\/a>; Zoltan Barany, \u201cBig News! Conscription in the Gulf,\u201d Middle East Institute, 25 January 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/big-news-conscription-gulf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/big-news-conscription-gulf<\/span><\/a>; Dr. Eman Ahmed Abdel Halim, \u201cImplementation of Military Conscription in the Gulf,\u201d Future for Advanced Research Studies, 12 December 2016, <a href=\"https:\/\/futureuae.com\/m\/Mainpage\/Item\/2250\/pressing-threats-implementation-of-military-conscription-in-the-gulf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/futureuae.com\/m\/Mainpage\/Item\/2250\/pressing-threats-implementation-of-military-conscription-in-the-gulf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26943_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', 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\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_26943_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_26943_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_26943_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_26943_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zoltan Barany, \u201cForeign Contract Soldiers in the Gulf,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 5 February 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/02\/05\/foreign-contract-soldiers-in-gulf-pub-80979\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/02\/05\/foreign-contract-soldiers-in-gulf-pub-80979<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jean-Loup Samaan, \u201cThe Rise of the Emirati Defense Industry,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 14 May 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/79121\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/79121<\/span><\/a>;\u00a0 Elenora Ardemagni, \u201cThe UAE\u2019s Military Training-Focused Foreign Policy,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 22 October 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/83033\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/83033<\/span><\/a>; Melissa Dalton and Hijab Shah, \u201cEvolving UAE Military and Foreign Security Cooperation: Path Toward Military Professionalism,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 12 January 2021,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/01\/12\/evolving-uae-military-and-foreign-security-cooperation-path-toward-military-professionalism-pub-83549\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/01\/12\/evolving-uae-military-and-foreign-security-cooperation-path-toward-military-professionalism-pub-83549<\/span><\/a>; Elenora Ardemagni, \u201c Building New Gulf States Through Conscription,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 25 April 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/76178\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/76178<\/span><\/a>; Elenora Ardemagni, \u201cGulf Monarchies\u2019 Militarized Nationalism,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 28 February 2019,<a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/78472\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/78472<\/span><\/a>; Zoltan Barany, \u201cBig News! Conscription in the Gulf,\u201d Middle East Institute, 25 January 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/big-news-conscription-gulf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/big-news-conscription-gulf<\/span><\/a>; Dr. Eman Ahmed Abdel Halim, \u201cImplementation of Military Conscription in the Gulf,\u201d Future for Advanced Research Studies, 12 December 2016, <a href=\"https:\/\/futureuae.com\/m\/Mainpage\/Item\/2250\/pressing-threats-implementation-of-military-conscription-in-the-gulf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/futureuae.com\/m\/Mainpage\/Item\/2250\/pressing-threats-implementation-of-military-conscription-in-the-gulf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Natali Gak, \u201cThe Distinction Between Levee en Masse and Wars of National Liberation,&#8221; <em>Slovenian Law Review<\/em> 5, no. 1 (2008): 116.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mehmet Be\u015fik\u00e7i, \u201cMobilizing Military Labor in the Age of Total War: Ottoman Conscription before and during the Great War,\u201d\u00a0in <em>Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000<\/em>, ed. Erik-Jan Z\u00fcrcher, (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2013), 547.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Uri Ben Eliezer, \u201cA Nation-in-Arms: State, Nation, and Militarism in Israel&#8217;s First Years.\u201d <em>Comparative Studies in Society and History<\/em> 37, no. 2 (1995): 267; Gak, &#8220;The Distinction Between Levee en Masse and Wars of National Liberation,&#8221; 116.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ays\u0327e Gu\u0308l Alt\u0131nay and Tan\u0131l Bora, \u201cOrdu, Militarizm ve Milliyetc\u0327ilik,\u201d <em>Iletis\u0327im Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,<\/em> (2002): 140.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Eliezer, \u201cA Nation-in-Arms: State, Nation, and Militarism in Israel&#8217;s First Years,\u201d 267; Be\u015fik\u00e7i, \u201cMobilizing Military Labor in the Age of Total War: Ottoman Conscription before and during the Great War,\u201d 548.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;&#8221;\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 13 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2019\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/79314\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/79314<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0628\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">&#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;\/ \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c 10 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2012\/05\/10\/246233\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2012\/05\/10\/246233<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;&#8221;\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;&#8221;\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26943_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26943_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26943_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 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tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Halim, \u201cImplementation of Military Conscription in the Gulf.\u201d<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_26943_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_26943_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_26943_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_26943_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_26943_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_26943_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_26943_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_26943_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_26943_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_26943_1(); } } function 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