{"id":26314,"date":"2023-06-01T14:31:35","date_gmt":"2023-06-01T12:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=26314"},"modified":"2023-06-01T15:06:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T13:06:46","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 25 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/ \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1799\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629&#8221; 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(1991). Foreign Policy in Tunisia: Continuity and Change under Bourguiba and Ben Ali. In Zartman, W.I. (ed), <em>Tunisia: The Political Economy of Reform.<\/em> Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 230.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0650\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Deeb and Laipson (1991), 243-5.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Perkins, K. (2006). <em>A History of Modern Tunisia.<\/em> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 192. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Arieff, A. (2011, Jan 18). Tunisia: Recent Developments and Policy Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 10.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 -\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a- (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Blanchard, C. (coordinator) (2021, May 21). Congress and the Middle East: 2011-2020: Selected Case Studies. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Blanchard (2021), 11 and 14; Arieff, A. and Humud, C.E. (2014, Oct 22). Political Transition in Tunisia. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 12.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 -\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_6');\" 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class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fishman, B. (2022). Reexamining U.S. Aid to the Middle East: Ideas for Advancing Both Governance and Democracy. Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 10-11.\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2011\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Thorne, J. (2011, March 17). Hillary Clinton visits Tunisia to press for reform. <em>The National , <\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/mena\/hillary-clinton-visits-tunisia-to-press-for-reform-1.421577\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/mena\/hillary-clinton-visits-tunisia-to-press-for-reform-1.421577<\/span><\/a> . \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/2011\/05\/19\/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa%20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/2011\/05\/19\/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa%20<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Brown, N.M. (2019, October 3). Millennium Challenge Corporation: Overview and Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2021\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 499 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/tn.usembassy.gov\/ar\/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D9%91%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tn.usembassy.gov\/ar\/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D9%91%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fishman (2022), 18.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ottaway, M. (2021, April 2). Tunisia: Political Parties and Democracy in Crisis. Washington, DC: Wilson Center Viewpoints Series, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/article\/tunisia-political-parties-and-democracy-crisis\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/article\/tunisia-political-parties-and-democracy-crisis<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Yousif, E. (2020 July). Beyond Performance: Lessons Learned from U.S. Security Assistance to Tunisia. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy\/Security Assistance Monitor, 6.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hanlon, Q. (2012). Security Sector Reform in Tunisia: A Year After the Jasmine Revolution. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u0646 (2) \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634) \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a) \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See Yousif, E. (2020), 8. Yousif (8) cites Arieff, A. and Humud, C. (2014).\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (6) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Yousif, E. (2020); Wehrey, F. (2020, March 18). Tunisia\u2019s Wake-Up Call: How Security Challenges from Libya are Shaping Defense Reforms. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Shah, H. and Dalton, M. (2020). The Evolution of Tunisia\u2019s Military and the Role of Foreign Security Sector Assistance. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Zelin, A.Y. (2020, Jan 27). Tunisia Turns a Corner Against the Jihadist Movement. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/tunisia-turns-corner-against-jihadist-movement\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/tunisia-turns-corner-against-jihadist-movement<\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d -\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646- \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627&#8221; 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(2023). Impossible \u2018Reform\u2019 of the Tunisian Security Sector? The Role of Unions, International Organizations, and Activist Groups in Policing. Tunis: Arab Reform Initiative, <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/impossible-reform-of-the-tunisian-security-sector-the-role-of-unions-international-organizations-and-activist-groups-in-policing\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/impossible-reform-of-the-tunisian-security-sector-the-role-of-unions-international-organizations-and-activist-groups-in-policing\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_32');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">32<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_32\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Wehrey (2020).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_32').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_32', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">34<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">E.g. Cordall, S.S. (2021, November 9). Kais Saied\u2019s Unholy Marriage of Convenience with Tunisia\u2019s Policy. Foreign Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/11\/09\/kais-saied-tunisia-police-impunity-protest-violence-coup\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/11\/09\/kais-saied-tunisia-police-impunity-protest-violence-coup\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 25 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 25 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">36<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fishman, B. and Robertson, K. (2022, Jul 20). Timeline of Tunisia\u2019s constitutional Crisis and the U.S. Response. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/timeline-tunisias-constitutional-crisis-and-us-response\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/timeline-tunisias-constitutional-crisis-and-us-response<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0639\u062c\u0632&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_37');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_37');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">37<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_37\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hirsh, M. (2021, July 28). Tunisia\u2019s Democracy Needs Help. Will Biden Step In? Foreign Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/07\/28\/tunisia-democracy-needs-help-biden-arab-spring\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/07\/28\/tunisia-democracy-needs-help-biden-arab-spring\/<\/span><\/a>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f &#8220;\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646&#8221;. Mcdowall, A. (2023, March 23). US says Tunisia president weakened checks and balances. Reuters,\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/us-says-tunisia-president-weakened-checks-balances-2023-03-23\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/us-says-tunisia-president-weakened-checks-balances-2023-03-23\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 .<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_37').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_37', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_38');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_38');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">38<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/usembassytunis\/status\/1441731973412622340?lang=en\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/usembassytunis\/status\/1441731973412622340?lang=en<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u064f\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_40');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_40');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">40<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_40\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">E.g. Henneberg, S. (2022, August 4). How to Engage With Tunisia\u2019s New Constitutional Republic. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/how-engage-tunisias-new-constitutional-republic\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/how-engage-tunisias-new-constitutional-republic<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_40').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_40', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0650\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628&#8221; \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2022\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_41');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_41');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">41<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_41\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Szuba, J. (2022, April 1). Biden\u2019s budget proposal would slash military aid to Tunisia. Al-Monitor, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2022\/04\/bidens-budget-proposal-would-slash-military-aid-tunisia\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2022\/04\/bidens-budget-proposal-would-slash-military-aid-tunisia<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_41').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_41', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 25 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_42');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_42');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">42<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_42\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Harris, B. (2021, Sep 10). US senators float Tunisia aid cuts and Lebanon assistance package. The National, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/us-news\/2021\/09\/10\/us-senators-float-tunisia-aid-cuts-and-lebanon-assistance-package\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/us-news\/2021\/09\/10\/us-senators-float-tunisia-aid-cuts-and-lebanon-assistance-package\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_42').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_42', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_43');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_43');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">43<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_43\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/117\/plaws\/publ103\/PLAW-117publ103.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/117\/plaws\/publ103\/PLAW-117publ103.pdf<\/span><\/a>, 640.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_43').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_43', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_44');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_44');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">44<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_44\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u00a0 Yerkes, S. (2022 May). Cutting Aid Won\u2019t Pull Tunisia Away from Authoritarianism. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/06\/02\/cutting-aid-won-t-pull-tunisia-away-from-authoritarianism-pub-87244\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/06\/02\/cutting-aid-won-t-pull-tunisia-away-from-authoritarianism-pub-87244<\/span><\/a><u> . <\/u>\u00a0; Gray, G. (2022, Sep 18).\u00a0 Focus Assistance to Tunisia \u2013 Don\u2019t Suspend it. The National Interest, <a href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/middle-east-watch\/focus-assistance-tunisia%E2%80%94don%E2%80%99t-suspend-it-204795\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/middle-east-watch\/focus-assistance-tunisia%E2%80%94don%E2%80%99t-suspend-it-204795<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_44').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_44', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_45');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_45');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">45<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_45\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Grewal, S. and White, Z. (2021, Dec 1).\u00a0 Expert Q&amp;A \u2013 Executing Orders or Eroding Democracy? The Role of Tunisia\u2019s Military in Kais Saied\u2019s Power Grab. Washington, DC: Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED), <a href=\"https:\/\/pomed.org\/publication\/expert-qa-executing-orders-or-eroding-democracy-the-role-of-tunisias-military-in-kais-saieds-power-grab\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pomed.org\/publication\/expert-qa-executing-orders-or-eroding-democracy-the-role-of-tunisias-military-in-kais-saieds-power-grab\/<\/span><\/a>;\u00a0 Yerkes, S. (2022)<u>. <\/u><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_45').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_45', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 60 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_46');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_46');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">46<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_46\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">USAID Press Release (2022, October 13). USAID Partners with UNICEF on Social Safety Net for Tunisian People, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/news-information\/press-releases\/oct-13-2022-usaid-partners-unicef-social-safety-net-tunisian-people\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/news-information\/press-releases\/oct-13-2022-usaid-partners-unicef-social-safety-net-tunisian-people<\/span><\/a> .\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_46').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_46', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_47');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_47');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">47<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_47\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MonicaLMarks\/status\/1603883530710302722\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/MonicaLMarks\/status\/1603883530710302722<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_47').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_47', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_48');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_48');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">48<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_48\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hamid, S. and Grewal, S. (2022, May 9). Tunisia is sliding back into authoritarianism. Here\u2019s what the US should do. Washington Post, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2022\/05\/09\/tunisia-democracy-backsliding-saied-washington-imf\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2022\/05\/09\/tunisia-democracy-backsliding-saied-washington-imf\/<\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_48').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_48', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0636\u064d \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 1.9 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_49');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_49');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">49<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_49\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2022\/10\/15\/pr22353-tunisia-imf-staff-reaches-staff-level-agreement-on-an-extended-fund-facility-with-tunisia\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2022\/10\/15\/pr22353-tunisia-imf-staff-reaches-staff-level-agreement-on-an-extended-fund-facility-with-tunisia<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_49').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_49', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_50');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_50');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">50<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_50\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mcdowall, A. (2023, March 9). Analysis: Fate of Tunisia\u2019s Stalled IMF Loan Lies in Hands of Unwilling President. Reuters, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/fate-tunisias-stalled-imf-loan-lies-hands-unwilling-president-2023-03-09\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_50').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_50', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_51');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_51');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">51<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_51\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hamid, S. (2023, March 28). Don\u2019t Bail Out Tunisia\u2019s Would be Dictator. Foreign Affairs, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/tunisia\/dont-bail-out-tunisias-would-be-dictator\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/tunisia\/dont-bail-out-tunisias-would-be-dictator<\/span><\/a> ; Hamid, S. and Grewal, S. (2022).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_51').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_51', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 -\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a- \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_52');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_52');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">52<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_52\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: US Secretary of State Blinken says Tunisia risks \u2018deep end\u2019 without IMF deal (2023, March 22). AFP, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/north-africa\/2023\/03\/22\/US-Secretary-of-State-Blinken-says-Tunisia-risks-deep-end-without-IMF-deal\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/north-africa\/2023\/03\/22\/US-Secretary-of-State-Blinken-says-Tunisia-risks-deep-end-without-IMF-deal<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_52').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_52', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0638 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_53');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_53');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">53<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_53\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Italy pushing IMF to help Tunisia and avoid instability, minister says. (2023, March 19). Reuters, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/italy-pushing-imf-help-tunisia-avoid-instability-minister-says-2023-03-19\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/italy-pushing-imf-help-tunisia-avoid-instability-minister-says-2023-03-19\/<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_53').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_53', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a -\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628- \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u061f<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_54');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_54');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">54<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_54\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tunisia \u2018criminalises contact with western embassies (2023, March 24). Middle East Eye. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-criminalises-contact-western-embassies\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-criminalises-contact-western-embassies<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_54').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_54', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_55');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_55');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">55<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_55\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hagedorn, E. and Szuba, J. (2023, March 15). Biden Administration Budget Would Slash Tunisia\u2019s Economic Aid. Al-Monitor, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2023\/03\/biden-administration-budget-would-slash-tunisias-economic-aid\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2023\/03\/biden-administration-budget-would-slash-tunisias-economic-aid<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_55').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_55', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0649\u060c &#8220;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_56');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_56');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">56<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_56\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Yousif (2020).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_56').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_56', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 2011 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_57');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_57');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">57<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_57\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Mathews, S (2023, April 19). How Tunisia\u2019s Defence Ties with US Endure Despite Aid cuts. <em>Middle East Eye,<\/em><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-how-defence-ties-us-grow-despite-aid-cuts\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-how-defence-ties-us-grow-despite-aid-cuts<\/span><\/a><\/u> . \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Grewal, S. (2022). Norm Diffusion through US Military Training in Tunisia. Security Studies 31(2), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09636412.2022.2065925\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09636412.2022.2065925<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_57').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_57', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_58');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_58');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">58<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_58\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Masmoudi, R. (2021, Sep 2). Keep Tunisia\u2019s Military Out of Politics. Foreign Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/09\/02\/unisia-kais-saied-constitution-coup-parliament-suspension-military-apolitical\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/09\/02\/unisia-kais-saied-constitution-coup-parliament-suspension-military-apolitical\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 ; Nassif, H.B. (2022 January). <em>Journal of Democracy<\/em> 33(1), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/jod.2022.0002\">10.1353\/jod.2022.0002<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_58').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_58', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_59');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_59');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">59<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_59\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/HouseForeign\/status\/1640751133453942787<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_59').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_59', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_60');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_60');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">60<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_60\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See <a href=\"https:\/\/us15.campaign-archive.com\/?e=__test_email__&amp;u=be3f76b39076d20a697d74c94&amp;id=9f2214ca31\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/us15.campaign-archive.com\/?e=__test_email__&amp;u=be3f76b39076d20a697d74c94&amp;id=9f2214ca31<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_60').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_60', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_61');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_26314_1('footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_61');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">61<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_61\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al Jazeera (2023, April 26). Political detainees\u2019 families to EU: Sanction Tunisian Officials. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/4\/26\/political-detainees-families-to-eu-sanction-tunisian-officials\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/4\/26\/political-detainees-families-to-eu-sanction-tunisian-officials<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_61').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_26314_1_61', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 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<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_26314_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_26314_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_26314_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_26314_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Deeb, M.J. and Laipson, E. (1991). Foreign Policy in Tunisia: Continuity and Change under Bourguiba and Ben Ali. In Zartman, W.I. (ed), <em>Tunisia: The Political Economy of Reform.<\/em> Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 230.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Deeb and Laipson (1991), 243-5.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Perkins, K. (2006). <em>A History of Modern Tunisia.<\/em> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 192. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Arieff, A. (2011, Jan 18). Tunisia: Recent Developments and Policy Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 10.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Blanchard, C. (coordinator) (2021, May 21). Congress and the Middle East: 2011-2020: Selected Case Studies. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Blanchard (2021), 11 and 14; Arieff, A. and Humud, C.E. (2014, Oct 22). Political Transition in Tunisia. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 12.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Deeb and Laipson (1991), 234.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Adapted from Boduszynski, M. (2019). US Democracy Promotion in the Arab World: Beyond Interests vs. Ideals. Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 39.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Morgenstern, E.M. and Brown, N.M. (2022, Jan 10). Foreign Assistance: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 9.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: (Morgenstern and Brown (2022\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Blanchard (2021), 4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Blanchard (2021), 12.\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:Arieff, A. (2019, November 1). Tunisia: In Brief. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 10.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Blanchard (2021)\u060c 14. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a &#8220;\u0644\u0650\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See Arieff (2019).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fishman, B. (2022). Reexamining U.S. Aid to the Middle East: Ideas for Advancing Both Governance and Democracy. Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 10-11.\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Thorne, J. (2011, March 17). Hillary Clinton visits Tunisia to press for reform. <em>The National , <\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/mena\/hillary-clinton-visits-tunisia-to-press-for-reform-1.421577\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/mena\/hillary-clinton-visits-tunisia-to-press-for-reform-1.421577<\/span><\/a> . \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/2011\/05\/19\/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa%20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/2011\/05\/19\/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa%20<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Brown, N.M. (2019, October 3). Millennium Challenge Corporation: Overview and Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (30 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2021).\u00a0 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<a href=\"https:\/\/tn.usembassy.gov\/ar\/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D9%91%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tn.usembassy.gov\/ar\/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D9%91%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fishman (2022), 18.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ottaway, M. (2021, April 2). Tunisia: Political Parties and Democracy in Crisis. Washington, DC: Wilson Center Viewpoints Series, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/article\/tunisia-political-parties-and-democracy-crisis\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/article\/tunisia-political-parties-and-democracy-crisis<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Yousif, E. (2020 July). Beyond Performance: Lessons Learned from U.S. Security Assistance to Tunisia. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy\/Security Assistance Monitor, 6.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hanlon, Q. (2012). Security Sector Reform in Tunisia: A Year After the Jasmine Revolution. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u0646 (2) \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See Yousif, E. (2020), 8. Yousif (8) cites Arieff, A. and Humud, C. (2014).\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (6) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Yousif, E. (2020); Wehrey, F. (2020, March 18). Tunisia\u2019s Wake-Up Call: How Security Challenges from Libya are Shaping Defense Reforms. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Shah, H. and Dalton, M. (2020). The Evolution of Tunisia\u2019s Military and the Role of Foreign Security Sector Assistance. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zelin, A.Y. (2020, Jan 27). Tunisia Turns a Corner Against the Jihadist Movement. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/tunisia-turns-corner-against-jihadist-movement\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/tunisia-turns-corner-against-jihadist-movement<\/span><\/a> .<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hanlon (2012), 9-10.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Pluta, A. (2023). Impossible \u2018Reform\u2019 of the Tunisian Security Sector? The Role of Unions, International Organizations, and Activist Groups in Policing. Tunis: Arab Reform Initiative, <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/impossible-reform-of-the-tunisian-security-sector-the-role-of-unions-international-organizations-and-activist-groups-in-policing\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/impossible-reform-of-the-tunisian-security-sector-the-role-of-unions-international-organizations-and-activist-groups-in-policing\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hanlon (2012); Yousif (2020).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Yousif (2020).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Wehrey (2020).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Yousif (2020).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">E.g. Cordall, S.S. (2021, November 9). Kais Saied\u2019s Unholy Marriage of Convenience with Tunisia\u2019s Policy. Foreign Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/11\/09\/kais-saied-tunisia-police-impunity-protest-violence-coup\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/11\/09\/kais-saied-tunisia-police-impunity-protest-violence-coup\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fishman, B. and Robertson, K. (2022, Jul 20). Timeline of Tunisia\u2019s constitutional Crisis and the U.S. Response. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/timeline-tunisias-constitutional-crisis-and-us-response\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/timeline-tunisias-constitutional-crisis-and-us-response<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hirsh, M. (2021, July 28). Tunisia\u2019s Democracy Needs Help. Will Biden Step In? Foreign Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/07\/28\/tunisia-democracy-needs-help-biden-arab-spring\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/07\/28\/tunisia-democracy-needs-help-biden-arab-spring\/<\/span><\/a>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f &#8220;\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646&#8221;. Mcdowall, A. (2023, March 23). US says Tunisia president weakened checks and balances. Reuters,\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/us-says-tunisia-president-weakened-checks-balances-2023-03-23\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/us-says-tunisia-president-weakened-checks-balances-2023-03-23\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 .<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/usembassytunis\/status\/1441731973412622340?lang=en\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/usembassytunis\/status\/1441731973412622340?lang=en<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Arieff (2021), 11.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_40');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">E.g. Henneberg, S. (2022, August 4). How to Engage With Tunisia\u2019s New Constitutional Republic. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/how-engage-tunisias-new-constitutional-republic\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/how-engage-tunisias-new-constitutional-republic<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_41');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Szuba, J. (2022, April 1). Biden\u2019s budget proposal would slash military aid to Tunisia. Al-Monitor, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2022\/04\/bidens-budget-proposal-would-slash-military-aid-tunisia\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2022\/04\/bidens-budget-proposal-would-slash-military-aid-tunisia<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_42');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>42<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Harris, B. (2021, Sep 10). US senators float Tunisia aid cuts and Lebanon assistance package. The National, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/us-news\/2021\/09\/10\/us-senators-float-tunisia-aid-cuts-and-lebanon-assistance-package\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/us-news\/2021\/09\/10\/us-senators-float-tunisia-aid-cuts-and-lebanon-assistance-package\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_43');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>43<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/117\/plaws\/publ103\/PLAW-117publ103.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/117\/plaws\/publ103\/PLAW-117publ103.pdf<\/span><\/a>, 640.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_44');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>44<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u00a0 Yerkes, S. (2022 May). Cutting Aid Won\u2019t Pull Tunisia Away from Authoritarianism. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/06\/02\/cutting-aid-won-t-pull-tunisia-away-from-authoritarianism-pub-87244\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/06\/02\/cutting-aid-won-t-pull-tunisia-away-from-authoritarianism-pub-87244<\/span><\/a><u> . <\/u>\u00a0; Gray, G. (2022, Sep 18).\u00a0 Focus Assistance to Tunisia \u2013 Don\u2019t Suspend it. The National Interest, <a href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/middle-east-watch\/focus-assistance-tunisia%E2%80%94don%E2%80%99t-suspend-it-204795\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/middle-east-watch\/focus-assistance-tunisia%E2%80%94don%E2%80%99t-suspend-it-204795<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_45');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>45<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Grewal, S. and White, Z. (2021, Dec 1).\u00a0 Expert Q&amp;A \u2013 Executing Orders or Eroding Democracy? The Role of Tunisia\u2019s Military in Kais Saied\u2019s Power Grab. Washington, DC: Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED), <a href=\"https:\/\/pomed.org\/publication\/expert-qa-executing-orders-or-eroding-democracy-the-role-of-tunisias-military-in-kais-saieds-power-grab\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pomed.org\/publication\/expert-qa-executing-orders-or-eroding-democracy-the-role-of-tunisias-military-in-kais-saieds-power-grab\/<\/span><\/a>;\u00a0 Yerkes, S. (2022)<u>. <\/u><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_46');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>46<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">USAID Press Release (2022, October 13). USAID Partners with UNICEF on Social Safety Net for Tunisian People, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/news-information\/press-releases\/oct-13-2022-usaid-partners-unicef-social-safety-net-tunisian-people\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/news-information\/press-releases\/oct-13-2022-usaid-partners-unicef-social-safety-net-tunisian-people<\/span><\/a> .\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_47');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>47<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MonicaLMarks\/status\/1603883530710302722\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/MonicaLMarks\/status\/1603883530710302722<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_48');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>48<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hamid, S. and Grewal, S. (2022, May 9). Tunisia is sliding back into authoritarianism. Here\u2019s what the US should do. Washington Post, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2022\/05\/09\/tunisia-democracy-backsliding-saied-washington-imf\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2022\/05\/09\/tunisia-democracy-backsliding-saied-washington-imf\/<\/span><\/a> .<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_49');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>49<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2022\/10\/15\/pr22353-tunisia-imf-staff-reaches-staff-level-agreement-on-an-extended-fund-facility-with-tunisia\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2022\/10\/15\/pr22353-tunisia-imf-staff-reaches-staff-level-agreement-on-an-extended-fund-facility-with-tunisia<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_50');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>50<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mcdowall, A. (2023, March 9). Analysis: Fate of Tunisia\u2019s Stalled IMF Loan Lies in Hands of Unwilling President. Reuters, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/fate-tunisias-stalled-imf-loan-lies-hands-unwilling-president-2023-03-09\/<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_51');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>51<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hamid, S. (2023, March 28). Don\u2019t Bail Out Tunisia\u2019s Would be Dictator. Foreign Affairs, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/tunisia\/dont-bail-out-tunisias-would-be-dictator\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/tunisia\/dont-bail-out-tunisias-would-be-dictator<\/span><\/a> ; Hamid, S. and Grewal, S. (2022).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_52');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>52<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: US Secretary of State Blinken says Tunisia risks \u2018deep end\u2019 without IMF deal (2023, March 22). AFP, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/north-africa\/2023\/03\/22\/US-Secretary-of-State-Blinken-says-Tunisia-risks-deep-end-without-IMF-deal\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/north-africa\/2023\/03\/22\/US-Secretary-of-State-Blinken-says-Tunisia-risks-deep-end-without-IMF-deal<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_53');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>53<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Italy pushing IMF to help Tunisia and avoid instability, minister says. (2023, March 19). Reuters, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/italy-pushing-imf-help-tunisia-avoid-instability-minister-says-2023-03-19\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/italy-pushing-imf-help-tunisia-avoid-instability-minister-says-2023-03-19\/<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_54');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>54<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tunisia \u2018criminalises contact with western embassies (2023, March 24). Middle East Eye. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-criminalises-contact-western-embassies\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-criminalises-contact-western-embassies<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_55');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>55<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hagedorn, E. and Szuba, J. (2023, March 15). Biden Administration Budget Would Slash Tunisia\u2019s Economic Aid. Al-Monitor, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2023\/03\/biden-administration-budget-would-slash-tunisias-economic-aid\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2023\/03\/biden-administration-budget-would-slash-tunisias-economic-aid<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_56');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>56<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Yousif (2020).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_57');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>57<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Mathews, S (2023, April 19). How Tunisia\u2019s Defence Ties with US Endure Despite Aid cuts. <em>Middle East Eye,<\/em><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-how-defence-ties-us-grow-despite-aid-cuts\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisia-how-defence-ties-us-grow-despite-aid-cuts<\/span><\/a><\/u> . \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Grewal, S. (2022). Norm Diffusion through US Military Training in Tunisia. Security Studies 31(2), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09636412.2022.2065925\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09636412.2022.2065925<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_58');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>58<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Masmoudi, R. (2021, Sep 2). Keep Tunisia\u2019s Military Out of Politics. Foreign Policy, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/09\/02\/unisia-kais-saied-constitution-coup-parliament-suspension-military-apolitical\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/09\/02\/unisia-kais-saied-constitution-coup-parliament-suspension-military-apolitical\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 ; Nassif, H.B. (2022 January). <em>Journal of Democracy<\/em> 33(1), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/jod.2022.0002\">10.1353\/jod.2022.0002<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_59');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>59<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/HouseForeign\/status\/1640751133453942787<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_60');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>60<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See <a href=\"https:\/\/us15.campaign-archive.com\/?e=__test_email__&amp;u=be3f76b39076d20a697d74c94&amp;id=9f2214ca31\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/us15.campaign-archive.com\/?e=__test_email__&amp;u=be3f76b39076d20a697d74c94&amp;id=9f2214ca31<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_61');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>61<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al Jazeera (2023, April 26). Political detainees\u2019 families to EU: Sanction Tunisian Officials. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/4\/26\/political-detainees-families-to-eu-sanction-tunisian-officials\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/4\/26\/political-detainees-families-to-eu-sanction-tunisian-officials<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_62');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>62<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_63\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_63');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>63<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_26314_1_64\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_26314_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_26314_1_64');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>64<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/tunisia\/press-releases\/apr-21-2023-usaid-and-world-bank-partner-address-tunisia-wheat-shortage\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/tunisia\/press-releases\/apr-21-2023-usaid-and-world-bank-partner-address-tunisia-wheat-shortage<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_26314_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_26314_1').show(); 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