{"id":25286,"date":"2023-03-02T12:39:08","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T11:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=25286"},"modified":"2023-03-09T16:41:06","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T15:41:06","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d9%81%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%88%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d9%81%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%88%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Newell, P., &amp; Mulvaney, D. 2013. The political economy of the \u2018just transition\u2019.\u00a0<em>The Geographical Journal<\/em>,\u00a0<em>179<\/em>(2), 132-140.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Geels, F. W. 2014. Regime resistance against low-carbon transitions: introducing politics and power into the multi-level perspective.\u00a0<em>Theory, culture &amp; society<\/em>,\u00a0<em>31<\/em>(5), 21-40.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sovacool, B.K., Martiskainen, M., Hook, A. and Baker, L., 2019. Decarbonization and its discontents: a critical energy justice perspective on four low-carbon transitions.\u00a0<em>Climatic Change<\/em>,\u00a0<em>155<\/em>(4), pp.581-619.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mundaca, L., Busch, H. and Schwer, S., 2018. \u2018Successful \u2018low-carbon energy transitions at the community level? An energy justice perspective.\u00a0<em>Applied Energy<\/em>,\u00a0<em>218<\/em>, pp.292-303.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Climate Justice Alliance. 2018. Just Transition a Framework for Change<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Newell, P., &amp; Mulvaney, D. 2013. The political economy of the \u2018just transition\u2019.\u00a0<em>The Geographical Journal<\/em>,\u00a0<em>179<\/em>(2), 132-140.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0651\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Yerkes, S &amp; Alhomoud, M. 2022. One Year Later, Tunisia\u2019s President Has Reversed Nearly a Decade of Democratic Gains. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/07\/22\/one-year-later-tunisia-s-president-has-reversed-nearly-decade-of-democratic-gains-pub-87555\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632&#8221; (STEG)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221; (ProSol) (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005) \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; (Prosol Elec) (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:Rocher, L. and Verdeil, \u00c9., 2019. Dynamics, tensions, resistance in solar energy development in Tunisia.\u00a0<em>Energy Research &amp; Social Science<\/em>,\u00a0<em>54<\/em>, pp.236-244.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.7 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rocher., L. &amp; Verdeil., E. 2013. Energy transition and revolution in Tunisia: politics and spatiality. <em>The Arab World Geographer<\/em>. 16 (3), 277.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0IRENA. 2021. Renewable readiness assessment. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/irena.org\/-\/media\/Files\/IRENA\/Agency\/Publication\/2021\/Jun\/IRENA_RRA_Tunisia_Summary_2021_EN.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=1806BFC45EF5B9056E70AB12E67649799503F49D\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/irena.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 12 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2015\u060c <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 (1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u061b (2) \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 10 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637) \u0648 (3) \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 12 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2015. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">WMC and TAP. 2022. Renewable energy: Electricity producers call for connection to the STEG grid. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2022\/06\/22\/488489\/des-producteurs-delectricite-a-partir-des-er-appellent-a-etre-raccordes-au-reseau-de-la-steg\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644). \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 22 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ben Rouine, C &amp; Roche, F. 2022. \u2018Renewable\u2019 energy in Tunisia: an unjust transition. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/longreads.tni.org\/renewable-energy-in-tunisia\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/longreads.tni.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">ILO. 2013. Just transition principles.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f 20 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Moisseron, J.Y., Guesmi, K. and Gerin-Jean, M., 2018.\u00a0<em>Assessing EU\u2013Mediterranean Policies in the Fields of Energy from a Bottom-up Perspective: The Case of Tunisia<\/em>\u00a0(No. 33). MEDRESET Working Papers.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 5.9 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019. \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 94% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Bank. 2019. Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Loan in The Amount Of 1 Million To STEG for an Energy Sector Improvement Project.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 12% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 97% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b 38% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 45% \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 73%. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Republic of Tunisia. 2021. Updated Nationally Determined Contribution Tunisia. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/NDC\/2022-08\/CDN%20-%20Updated%20-english%20version.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unfccc.int\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-25291\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-1-720x558.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"470\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-1-720x558.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-1-768x595.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-1.png 798w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Electricite. 2021. Tunisia: Lower subsidies for solar energy equipment upsets sector players. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/solaire\/1407-90094-tunisie-la-baisse-des-subventions-accordees-aux-equipements-d-energie-solaire-contrarie-les-acteurs-du-secteur#:~:text=Les%20capacit%C3%A9s%20install%C3%A9es%20sup%C3%A9rieures%20%C3%A0,de%20transition%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20(FTE)\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-25294\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-2-720x647.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-2-720x647.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-2-768x690.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2023\/03\/25181100\/Picture1-fig-2.png 814w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nouicer, A. 2022. What a Green Transition Means for Tunisia. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/what-green-transition-means-tunisia-32905#:~:text=Currently%2C%20the%20RES%20installed%20capacity,of%20Tunisia's%20overall%20generation%20mix\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0645\u0646 429 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\/\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 179 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\/\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0637.19 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 1500 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 500 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Renewables Now. 2022. Tunisia approves 500 MW of solar projects. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/renewablesnow.com\/news\/tunisia-approves-500-mw-of-solar-projects-775888\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/renewablesnow.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 12%. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2022\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 35% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">AEP. 2022. Tunisia, Britain Sign MoU for Renewable Energy Development. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/news\/tunisia-britain-sign-mou-renewable-energy-development\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Acosta, A., 2013. Extractivism and neoextractivism: two sides of the same curse.\u00a0<em>Beyond development: alternative visions from Latin America<\/em>,\u00a0<em>1<\/em>, pp.61-86.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ye, J., J. D. van der Ploeg, S. Schneider, and T. Shanin. 2020. \u201cThe Incursions of Extractivism: Moving from Dispersed Places to Global Capitalism.\u201d <em>Journal of Peasant Studies<\/em> 47 (1): 155\u2013183. doi:10. 1080\/03066150.2018.1559834.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 100% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0634\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0632 &#8220;\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hamouchene, H. 2019. Extractivism and Resistance in North Africa<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">AEP. 2022. Tunisia, Britain Sign MoU for Renewable Energy Development. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/news\/tunisia-britain-sign-mou-renewable-energy-development\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 13 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bruna, N., 2022. A climate-smart world and the rise of Green Extractivism.\u00a0<em>The Journal of Peasant Studies<\/em>, pp.1-26.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 (\u063a\u064a\u0631) \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.16<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hamouchene, H. 2017. TuNur in Tunisia: Another case of energy colonialism. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cadtm.org\/TuNur-in-Tunisia-Another-case-of\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cadtm.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647 4.5 \u063a\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.17<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Acosta, A., 2013. Extractivism and neoextractivism: two sides of the same curse.\u00a0<em>Beyond development: alternative visions from Latin America<\/em>,\u00a0<em>1<\/em>, pp.61-86.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631&#8221;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2028. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">European Commission. 2020. A hydrogen strategy for a climate neutral Europe. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/energy\/sites\/ener\/files\/hydrogen_strategy.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 &#8220;REPowerEU&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">European Commission. 2022. REPowerEU: Joint European Action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0108&amp;from=EN\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 31 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_31');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">31<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Energy Central. 2020. Germany grants Tunisia \u20ac30 million to develop green hydrogen market. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/energycentral.com\/news\/germany-grants-tunisia-%E2%82%AC30-million-develop-green-hydrogen-market\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/energycentral.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2022\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;H2VertTun&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_32');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_32');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">32<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_32\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">GIZ. 2022. Promoting a green hydrogen economy in Tunisia. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.giz.de\/en\/worldwide\/109262.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.giz.de\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_32').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_32', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u2013 \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_33');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_33');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">33<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_33\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Barnard, M. 2022. Assessing EU plans to import hydrogen from North Africa: The cases of Morocco, Algeria and Egypt. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/publication\/assessing-eu-plans-to-import-hydrogen-from-north-africa\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tni.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_33').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_33', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 (\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 11 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644&#8221;5 . \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0641\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;NIMBY&#8221; \u0623\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">34<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rocher, L. and Verdeil, \u00c9., 2013. Energy transition and revolution in Tunisia: politics and spatiality.\u00a0<em>the Arab world geographer<\/em>,\u00a0<em>16<\/em>(3), pp.267-288.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_35');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_35');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">35<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Delpuech, A., &amp; Poletti, A. 2021. Borj Essalhi: The High Costs of Wind Turbines. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/en\/2021\/04\/20\/wind-turbines-cap-bon-tunisia\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0647\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0635\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 120 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627|Nareva&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_36');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_36');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">36<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0Delpuech, A., &amp; Poletti, A. 2022. \u201cIt\u2019s our sun\u201d: in Segdoud, the struggle for energy sovereignty. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/fr\/2022\/04\/22\/segdoud-lutte-souverainete-energetique-tunisie\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u062c\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 90 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u062f\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f &#8211; \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 400 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0641. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_37');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_37');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">37<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_37\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Depluech, A. 2022. Debt-stricken Tunisian farmers \u2018ignored\u2019 as government rolls out solar megaproject. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/02\/11\/debt-stricken-tunisian-farmers-ignored-government-rolls-solar-megaproject\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_37').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_37', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a. \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 20\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ETAP) \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 24 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\/\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2022 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 500 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0633\u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 |Scatec Solar&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 300 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 TBEA \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Amea &#8211; \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 100 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0641\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 |Engie-Nareva&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 &#8211; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20% \u064840\u066a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0651\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_38');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_38');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">38<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sherif, Y. 2017. The Kamour Movement and Civic Protests in Tunisia. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2017\/08\/08\/kamour-movement-and-civic-protests-in-tunisia-pub-72774\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 29 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a 2017 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_39');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_39');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">39<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_39\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ferichichi, K. 2021. Un an apr\u00e8s l\u2019accord d\u2019El Kamour : Les sit-inneurs reviennent \u00e0 la charge. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/115913\/un-an-apres-laccord-del-kamour-les-sit-inneurs-reviennent-a-la-charge\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0647\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221;. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_40');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_40');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">40<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_40\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Thaler, P. and Hofmann, B., 2022. The impossible energy trinity: Energy security, sustainability, and sovereignty in cross-border electricity systems.\u00a0<em>Political Geography<\/em>,\u00a0<em>94<\/em>, p.102579.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_40').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_40', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u061b \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u064f\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_41');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_41');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">41<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_41\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Alarc\u00f3n, P., Diaz, N.C.C., Schwab, J. and Peters, S., Rethinking \u2018Just Transition\u2019: Critical Reflections for the Global South.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_41').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_41', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_42');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_42');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">42<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_42\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Chassidy, C. 2022. The Just Energy Transition Partnership with South Africa will hinge on domestic reform. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/energysource\/the-just-energy-transition-partnership-with-south-africa-will-hinge-on-domestic-reform\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_42').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_42', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_43');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_25286_1('footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_43');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">43<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_43\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UK Government. 2020. Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership Launched at G20. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/indonesia-just-energy-transition-partnership-launched-at-g20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_43').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_25286_1_43', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629]\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 2015\/12 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_25286_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_25286_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_25286_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_25286_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Newell, P., &amp; Mulvaney, D. 2013. The political economy of the \u2018just transition\u2019.\u00a0<em>The Geographical Journal<\/em>,\u00a0<em>179<\/em>(2), 132-140.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Geels, F. W. 2014. Regime resistance against low-carbon transitions: introducing politics and power into the multi-level perspective.\u00a0<em>Theory, culture &amp; society<\/em>,\u00a0<em>31<\/em>(5), 21-40.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sovacool, B.K., Martiskainen, M., Hook, A. and Baker, L., 2019. Decarbonization and its discontents: a critical energy justice perspective on four low-carbon transitions.\u00a0<em>Climatic Change<\/em>,\u00a0<em>155<\/em>(4), pp.581-619.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mundaca, L., Busch, H. and Schwer, S., 2018. \u2018Successful \u2018low-carbon energy transitions at the community level? An energy justice perspective.\u00a0<em>Applied Energy<\/em>,\u00a0<em>218<\/em>, pp.292-303.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Climate Justice Alliance. 2018. Just Transition a Framework for Change<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Newell, P., &amp; Mulvaney, D. 2013. The political economy of the \u2018just transition\u2019.\u00a0<em>The Geographical Journal<\/em>,\u00a0<em>179<\/em>(2), 132-140.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Yerkes, S &amp; Alhomoud, M. 2022. One Year Later, Tunisia\u2019s President Has Reversed Nearly a Decade of Democratic Gains. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/07\/22\/one-year-later-tunisia-s-president-has-reversed-nearly-decade-of-democratic-gains-pub-87555\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:Rocher, L. and Verdeil, \u00c9., 2019. Dynamics, tensions, resistance in solar energy development in Tunisia.\u00a0<em>Energy Research &amp; Social Science<\/em>,\u00a0<em>54<\/em>, pp.236-244.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rocher., L. &amp; Verdeil., E. 2013. Energy transition and revolution in Tunisia: politics and spatiality. <em>The Arab World Geographer<\/em>. 16 (3), 277.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0IRENA. 2021. Renewable readiness assessment. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/irena.org\/-\/media\/Files\/IRENA\/Agency\/Publication\/2021\/Jun\/IRENA_RRA_Tunisia_Summary_2021_EN.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=1806BFC45EF5B9056E70AB12E67649799503F49D\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/irena.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 (1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u061b (2) \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 10 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637) \u0648 (3) \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">WMC and TAP. 2022. Renewable energy: Electricity producers call for connection to the STEG grid. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2022\/06\/22\/488489\/des-producteurs-delectricite-a-partir-des-er-appellent-a-etre-raccordes-au-reseau-de-la-steg\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ben Rouine, C &amp; Roche, F. 2022. \u2018Renewable\u2019 energy in Tunisia: an unjust transition. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/longreads.tni.org\/renewable-energy-in-tunisia\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/longreads.tni.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">ILO. 2013. Just transition principles.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Moisseron, J.Y., Guesmi, K. and Gerin-Jean, M., 2018.\u00a0<em>Assessing EU\u2013Mediterranean Policies in the Fields of Energy from a Bottom-up Perspective: The Case of Tunisia<\/em>\u00a0(No. 33). MEDRESET Working Papers.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">World Bank. 2019. Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Loan in The Amount Of 1 Million To STEG for an Energy Sector Improvement Project.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Republic of Tunisia. 2021. Updated Nationally Determined Contribution Tunisia. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/NDC\/2022-08\/CDN%20-%20Updated%20-english%20version.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unfccc.int\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Electricite. 2021. Tunisia: Lower subsidies for solar energy equipment upsets sector players. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/solaire\/1407-90094-tunisie-la-baisse-des-subventions-accordees-aux-equipements-d-energie-solaire-contrarie-les-acteurs-du-secteur#:~:text=Les%20capacit%C3%A9s%20install%C3%A9es%20sup%C3%A9rieures%20%C3%A0,de%20transition%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20(FTE)\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nouicer, A. 2022. What a Green Transition Means for Tunisia. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/what-green-transition-means-tunisia-32905#:~:text=Currently%2C%20the%20RES%20installed%20capacity,of%20Tunisia's%20overall%20generation%20mix\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Renewables Now. 2022. Tunisia approves 500 MW of solar projects. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/renewablesnow.com\/news\/tunisia-approves-500-mw-of-solar-projects-775888\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/renewablesnow.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">AEP. 2022. Tunisia, Britain Sign MoU for Renewable Energy Development. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/news\/tunisia-britain-sign-mou-renewable-energy-development\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Acosta, A., 2013. Extractivism and neoextractivism: two sides of the same curse.\u00a0<em>Beyond development: alternative visions from Latin America<\/em>,\u00a0<em>1<\/em>, pp.61-86.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ye, J., J. D. van der Ploeg, S. Schneider, and T. Shanin. 2020. \u201cThe Incursions of Extractivism: Moving from Dispersed Places to Global Capitalism.\u201d <em>Journal of Peasant Studies<\/em> 47 (1): 155\u2013183. doi:10. 1080\/03066150.2018.1559834.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hamouchene, H. 2019. Extractivism and Resistance in North Africa<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">AEP. 2022. Tunisia, Britain Sign MoU for Renewable Energy Development. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/news\/tunisia-britain-sign-mou-renewable-energy-development\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bruna, N., 2022. A climate-smart world and the rise of Green Extractivism.\u00a0<em>The Journal of Peasant Studies<\/em>, pp.1-26.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hamouchene, H. 2017. TuNur in Tunisia: Another case of energy colonialism. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cadtm.org\/TuNur-in-Tunisia-Another-case-of\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cadtm.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Acosta, A., 2013. Extractivism and neoextractivism: two sides of the same curse.\u00a0<em>Beyond development: alternative visions from Latin America<\/em>,\u00a0<em>1<\/em>, pp.61-86.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">European Commission. 2020. A hydrogen strategy for a climate neutral Europe. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/energy\/sites\/ener\/files\/hydrogen_strategy.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">European Commission. 2022. REPowerEU: Joint European Action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0108&amp;from=EN\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Energy Central. 2020. Germany grants Tunisia \u20ac30 million to develop green hydrogen market. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/energycentral.com\/news\/germany-grants-tunisia-%E2%82%AC30-million-develop-green-hydrogen-market\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/energycentral.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">GIZ. 2022. Promoting a green hydrogen economy in Tunisia. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.giz.de\/en\/worldwide\/109262.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.giz.de\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Barnard, M. 2022. Assessing EU plans to import hydrogen from North Africa: The cases of Morocco, Algeria and Egypt. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/publication\/assessing-eu-plans-to-import-hydrogen-from-north-africa\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tni.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rocher, L. and Verdeil, \u00c9., 2013. Energy transition and revolution in Tunisia: politics and spatiality.\u00a0<em>the Arab world geographer<\/em>,\u00a0<em>16<\/em>(3), pp.267-288.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Delpuech, A., &amp; Poletti, A. 2021. Borj Essalhi: The High Costs of Wind Turbines. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/en\/2021\/04\/20\/wind-turbines-cap-bon-tunisia\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Delpuech, A., &amp; Poletti, A. 2022. \u201cIt\u2019s our sun\u201d: in Segdoud, the struggle for energy sovereignty. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/fr\/2022\/04\/22\/segdoud-lutte-souverainete-energetique-tunisie\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Depluech, A. 2022. Debt-stricken Tunisian farmers \u2018ignored\u2019 as government rolls out solar megaproject. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/02\/11\/debt-stricken-tunisian-farmers-ignored-government-rolls-solar-megaproject\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sherif, Y. 2017. The Kamour Movement and Civic Protests in Tunisia. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2017\/08\/08\/kamour-movement-and-civic-protests-in-tunisia-pub-72774\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ferichichi, K. 2021. Un an apr\u00e8s l\u2019accord d\u2019El Kamour : Les sit-inneurs reviennent \u00e0 la charge. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/115913\/un-an-apres-laccord-del-kamour-les-sit-inneurs-reviennent-a-la-charge\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_40');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Thaler, P. and Hofmann, B., 2022. The impossible energy trinity: Energy security, sustainability, and sovereignty in cross-border electricity systems.\u00a0<em>Political Geography<\/em>,\u00a0<em>94<\/em>, p.102579.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_41');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Alarc\u00f3n, P., Diaz, N.C.C., Schwab, J. and Peters, S., Rethinking \u2018Just Transition\u2019: Critical Reflections for the Global South.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_42');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>42<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Chassidy, C. 2022. The Just Energy Transition Partnership with South Africa will hinge on domestic reform. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/energysource\/the-just-energy-transition-partnership-with-south-africa-will-hinge-on-domestic-reform\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_25286_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_25286_1_43');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>43<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UK Government. 2020. Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership Launched at G20. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/indonesia-just-energy-transition-partnership-launched-at-g20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_25286_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_25286_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_25286_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_25286_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_25286_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_25286_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_25286_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_25286_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_25286_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_25286_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_25286_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_25286_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_25286_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_25286_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":25244,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[247,146,15],"class_list":["post-25286","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-247","tag-146","tag-15"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/25286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/25286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25307,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/25286\/revisions\/25307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}