{"id":24017,"date":"2022-11-11T13:52:24","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T12:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=24017"},"modified":"2022-11-21T11:50:56","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T10:50:56","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%82%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae-cop27-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%82%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae-cop27-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e &#8220;COP27&#8221;: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (COP) \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (UNFCC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1997<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UNFCC. \u201cConference of the Parties (COP).\u201d <em>Unfccc.int<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/unfccc.int\/process\/bodies\/supreme-bodies\/conference-of-the-parties-cop\">unfccc.int\/process\/bodies\/supreme-bodies\/conference-of-the-parties-cop<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a (COP7)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Shah, Anup. \u201cCop7-Marrakesh Climate Conference.\u201d <em>&#8211; Global Issues<\/em>, 11 Nov. 2001, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/297\/cop7-marrakesh-climate-conference\">www.globalissues.org\/article\/297\/cop7-marrakesh-climate-conference<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 (COP18)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0630\u064a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629&#8221; \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Waagsaether, Katinka. \u201cOutcomes and Shortcomings of COP 18, Doha.\u201d <em>The Adaptation Network<\/em>, 25 Aug. 2016, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adaptationnetwork.org.za\/climate-negotiations\/outcomes-shortcomings-cop-18-doha\/\">www.adaptationnetwork.org.za\/climate-negotiations\/outcomes-shortcomings-cop-18-doha\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 (COP21) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 50\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Denchak , Melissa. \u201cParis Climate Agreement: Everything You Need To Know.\u201d <em>NRDC<\/em>, 19 Feb. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/stories\/paris-climate-agreement-everything-you-need-know\">www.nrdc.org\/stories\/paris-climate-agreement-everything-you-need-know<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Abnett, Kate. \u201cExplainer: What&#8217;s the Difference between 1.5\u00b0C and 2\u00b0C of Global Warming?\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 9 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/cop\/whats-difference-between-15c-2c-global-warming-2021-11-07\/\">www.reuters.com\/business\/cop\/whats-difference-between-15c-2c-global-warming-2021-11-07\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 1.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 420 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Buis, Alan. \u201cA Degree of Concern: Why Global Temperatures Matter \u2013 Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet.\u201d <em>NASA<\/em>, NASA, 12 Oct. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/news\/2865\/a-degree-of-concern-why-global-temperatures-matter\/\">climate.nasa.gov\/news\/2865\/a-degree-of-concern-why-global-temperatures-matter\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u061b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 (COP26) \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 1.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Harvey, Fiona. \u201cCOP26 Draft Text Annotated: What It Says and What It Means.\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, Guardian News and Media, 10 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/ng-interactive\/2021\/nov\/10\/cop26-draft-text-annotated-what-it-says-and-what-it-means\">www.theguardian.com\/environment\/ng-interactive\/2021\/nov\/10\/cop26-draft-text-annotated-what-it-says-and-what-it-means<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Harvey, Fiona. \u201cDeveloping Nations Welcome US Climate Finance Pledge but Warn More Is Needed.\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, Guardian News and Media, 22 Sept. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/sep\/22\/developing-nations-welcome-us-climate-finance-pledge-but-warn-more-is-needed\">www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/sep\/22\/developing-nations-welcome-us-climate-finance-pledge-but-warn-more-is-needed<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 11.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2020 \u06482025<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">COP26 Official Website. \u201cMobilise Finance.\u201d <em>UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) at the SEC \u2013 Glasgow 2021<\/em>, 29 Mar. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/ukcop26.org\/cop26-goals\/finance\/\">ukcop26.org\/cop26-goals\/finance\/.<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0628\u064a\u0646 6 \u064818 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 1.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Dickie, Glorie. \u201cThe World Could Reach 1.5\u00b0C of Warming in Just 5 Years, Reveals WMO.\u201d <em>World Economic Forum<\/em>, 13 May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/05\/1-5-degrees-world-global-warming-wmo-reports\/\">www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/05\/1-5-degrees-world-global-warming-wmo-reports\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 2.8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UN Environment. \u201cEmissions Gap Report 2022.\u201d <em>UNEP<\/em>, 27 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2022\">www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2022<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 (COP27) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 1.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al Monitor. \u201cEgypt Gears Up to Host Next Climate Summit.\u201d <em>Al Monitor<\/em>, 26 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/11\/egypt-gears-host-next-climate-summit\">www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/11\/egypt-gears-host-next-climate-summit<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640 700 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">InterRegional for Strategic Analysis. \u201cGrowing Risks: What Are the Potential Effects of Climate Change on African Countries?\u201d <em>MIR<\/em>, 26 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.interregional.com\/en\/growing-risks\/\">www.interregional.com\/en\/growing-risks\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> ) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 5 \u066a \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 \u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters. \u201cAfrica Losing up to 15% of GDP Growth to Climate Change, African Development Bank Says.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 13 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/\">www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 5.5\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters. \u201cAfrica Losing up to 15% of GDP Growth to Climate Change, African Development Bank Says.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 13 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/\">www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.3 \u06481.6 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 2020 \u06482030\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kebret, Etsehiwot. \u201cOpinion: How the African Development Bank Can Drive Climate Finance to the Continent.\u201d <em>China Dialogue<\/em>, 22 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/en\/climate\/opinion-how-the-african-development-bank-can-drive-climate-finance-to-the-continent\/\">chinadialogue.net\/en\/climate\/opinion-how-the-african-development-bank-can-drive-climate-finance-to-the-continent\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u061b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Soliman, Mohammed. \u201cAt COP27, Egypt Aims to Rebuild Its International Standing.\u201d <em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>, 26 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260\">carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Soliman, Mohammed. \u201cAt COP27, Egypt Aims to Rebuild Its International Standing.\u201d <em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>, 26 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260\">carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (COP27)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">AFP. \u201cKerry Meets African Leaders in Egypt for Climate Talks.\u201d <em>Daily Times<\/em>, 8 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/dailytimes.com.pk\/994280\/kerry-meets-african-leaders-in-egypt-for-climate-talks\/\">dailytimes.com.pk\/994280\/kerry-meets-african-leaders-in-egypt-for-climate-talks\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627&#8230; \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters. \u201cMinisters at Cairo Forum Seek Sharp Expansion of Climate Financing\u201d. <em>Arab News<\/em>. 10 September 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2160186\/middle-east\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2160186\/middle-east<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Zittis, G.,\u00a0Almazroui, M.,\u00a0Alpert, P.,\u00a0Ciais, P.,\u00a0Cramer, W.,\u00a0Dahdal, Y., et\u00a0al. (2022).\u00a0Climate change and weather extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East.\u00a0<em>Reviews of Geophysics<\/em>,\u00a060, e2021RG000762.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021RG000762\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021RG000762<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Vohra, Anchal. \u201cThe Middle East Is Becoming Literally Uninhabitable.\u201d <em>Foreign Policy<\/em>, 24 Aug. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/08\/24\/the-middle-east-is-becoming-literally-uninhabitable\/\">foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/08\/24\/the-middle-east-is-becoming-literally-uninhabitable\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Dohrmann, Mark, and Robert Hatem. \u201cThe Impact of Hydro-Politics on the Relations of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria.\u201d\u00a0<em>Middle East Journal<\/em>, vol. 68, no. 4, 2014, pp. 567\u201383.\u00a0<em>JSTOR<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43698183\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43698183<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hashem, Mustafa, et al. \u201cNEGOTIATIONS OF ARAB STATES UNDER UNFCCC: Interlinkages and Recommendations.\u201d <em>Friedrich Ebert Stiftung<\/em>, May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/19455.pdf\">library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/19455.pdf<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27) \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 60\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters. \u201cSaudi Arabia Commits .5 Bln to Middle East Green Initiative &#8211; Crown Prince.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 7 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/sustainable-business\/saudi-arabia-commits-25-bln-middle-east-green-initiative-crown-prince-2022-11-07\/\">www.reuters.com\/business\/sustainable-business\/saudi-arabia-commits-25-bln-middle-east-green-initiative-crown-prince-2022-11-07\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sauer, Natalie, and Soila Apparicio. \u201cWhich Countries Have Not Ratified the Paris Climate Agreement?\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 3 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/08\/13\/countries-yet-ratify-paris-agreement\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/08\/13\/countries-yet-ratify-paris-agreement\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030 \u0623\u0646 50\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">McCarthy, Joe. \u201cSaudi Arabia Is Investing 0 Billion in Solar Energy.\u201d <em>Global Citizen<\/em>, 28 Mar. 2018, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/saudi-arabia-solar-energy-200-billion-investment\/\">www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/saudi-arabia-solar-energy-200-billion-investment\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The Economist. \u201cLebanon&#8217;s Economic Crisis Is Wrecking the Environment, Too.\u201d <em>The Economist<\/em>, The Economist Newspaper, 6 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2022\/10\/06\/lebanons-economic-crisis-is-wrecking-the-environment-too\">www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2022\/10\/06\/lebanons-economic-crisis-is-wrecking-the-environment-too<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 &#8211; \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Egypt Today. \u201cGas Deal between Egypt, Lebanon Stalled Because of WB New Terms: Minister.\u201d <em>EgyptToday<\/em>, 20 Sep. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/3\/119305\/Gas-deal-between-Egypt-Lebanon-stalled-because-of-WB-new\">www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/3\/119305\/Gas-deal-between-Egypt-Lebanon-stalled-because-of-WB-new<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0641\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Gibney, Elizabeth. \u201cThe Middle East Is Going Green &#8211; While Supplying Oil to Others.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 27 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03346-8\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03346-8<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP26)\u060c \u0632\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_31');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">31<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Gerken, Tom, and Justin Rowlatt. \u201cCOP26: Document Leak Reveals Nations Lobbying to Change Key Climate Report.\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 21 Oct. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-58982445\">www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-58982445<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0648\u0624 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_32');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_32');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">32<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_32\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bodetti, Austin. \u201cArab States Snuggle up and Strategise Ahead of COP27 Summit.\u201d <em>The New Arab<\/em>, The New Arab, 4 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/english.alaraby.co.uk\/features\/arab-states-snuggle-and-strategise-ahead-cop27-summit\">english.alaraby.co.uk\/features\/arab-states-snuggle-and-strategise-ahead-cop27-summit<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_32').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_32', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_33');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_33');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">33<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_33\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Saadi, Dania, and Herman Wang. \u201cCOP27: Middle East Producers to Defend Oil, Gas, While Grappling with Own Climate Pressures.\u201d <em>S&amp;P Global Commodity Insights<\/em>, S&amp;P Global Commodity Insights, 4 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/electric-power\/110422-cop27-middle-east-producers-to-defend-oil-gas-while-grappling-with-own-climate-pressures\">www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/electric-power\/110422-cop27-middle-east-producers-to-defend-oil-gas-while-grappling-with-own-climate-pressures<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_33').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_33', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0645 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\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">34<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Grosse, Corrie, and Brigid Mark. &#8220;A colonized COP: Indigenous exclusion and youth climate justice activism at the United Nations climate change negotiations&#8221;. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 11.3 (2020): 146-170. &lt; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/jhre.2020.03.07\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/jhre.2020.03.07<\/span><\/a>&gt;.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u061b \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_35');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_35');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">35<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hawley, Caroline. \u201cAlaa Abdel Fattah: Jailed British-Egyptian Activist Escalates Hunger Strike.\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830\">www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_36');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_36');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">36<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hawley, Caroline. \u201cAlaa Abdel Fattah: Jailed British-Egyptian Activist Escalates Hunger Strike.\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830\">www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27)\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_37');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_37');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">37<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_37\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al Jazeera. \u201cEgypt Detains Indian Activist on Climate March Ahead of COP27.\u201d <em>Climate Crisis News | Al Jazeera<\/em>, Al Jazeera, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/11\/1\/egypt-detains-indian-activist-on-climate-march-ahead-of-cop27\">www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/11\/1\/egypt-detains-indian-activist-on-climate-march-ahead-of-cop27<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_37').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_37', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">38<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Amnesty International. \u201cEgypt: Lift Restrictions on Civic Space to Ensure a Successful COP27.\u201d <em>Amnesty International<\/em>, 25 May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/05\/egypt-lift-restrictions-on-civic-space-to-ensure-a-successful-cop27\/\">www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/05\/egypt-lift-restrictions-on-civic-space-to-ensure-a-successful-cop27\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0640 35 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_39');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_39');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">39<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_39\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Michaelson, Ruth. \u201cEgyptian Ngos Complain of Being Shut out of COP27 Climate Summit.\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, Guardian News and Media, 24 Aug. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/aug\/24\/egyptian-ngos-complain-of-being-shut-out-of-cop27-climate-summit\">www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/aug\/24\/egyptian-ngos-complain-of-being-shut-out-of-cop27-climate-summit<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_40');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_40');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">40<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_40\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Farand, Chlo\u00e9. \u201cActivists Raise Inclusivity Concerns for COP27 as Egypt Hikes Hotel Prices.\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 24 Feb. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/02\/24\/activists-raise-inclusivity-concerns-for-cop27-as-egypt-hikes-hotel-prices\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/02\/24\/activists-raise-inclusivity-concerns-for-cop27-as-egypt-hikes-hotel-prices\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_40').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_40', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_41');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_41');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">41<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_41\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Saafan, Farah, and Aidan Lewis. \u201cEgypt COP27 Climate Summit Activists Concerned Voices Will Be Curtailed.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 24 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_41').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_41', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0634\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_42');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_42');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">42<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_42\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Prengaman, Peter. \u201cEgypt Promises to Allow Protest, Push Pledges as COP27 Host.\u201d <em>AP NEWS<\/em>, Associated Press, 24 May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/climate-politics-africa-sameh-shoukry-ef68f280f3fadcbb337f673ee55a2762\">apnews.com\/article\/climate-politics-africa-sameh-shoukry-ef68f280f3fadcbb337f673ee55a2762<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_42').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_42', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8e5Yta5unJI&amp;t=4205s\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8e5Yta5unJI&amp;t=4205s\">\u062d\u062f<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8e5Yta5unJI&amp;t=4205s\">\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8e5Yta5unJI&amp;t=4205s\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8e5Yta5unJI&amp;t=4205s\">\u062d\u0641\u0635\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8e5Yta5unJI&amp;t=4205s\">\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629<\/a> &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u2013 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0647\u0645<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0641\u064a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0645\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u064f<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0642\u064a<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u0651<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">\u062f\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 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\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27) \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0641\u062e \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_43');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_43');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">43<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_43\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">COP27 Official Website. \u201cCOP27 Official.\u201d <em>COP27<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/vision\">cop27.eg\/#\/vision<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_43').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_43', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 83 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_44');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_44');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">44<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_44\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">OECD. \u201cClimate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/\">www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_44').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_44', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 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Climate Change?\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 14 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/57975275\">www.bbc.com\/news\/57975275<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_45').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_45', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_46');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_46');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">46<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_46\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 Timperley, Jocelyn. \u201cThe Broken 0-Billion Promise of Climate Finance &#8211; and How to Fix It.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 20 Oct. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_46').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_46', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0642\u062f 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Goal.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/\">www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_47').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_47', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 1 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 1.6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.8 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_48');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_48');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">48<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_48\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Timperley, Jocelyn. \u201cThe Broken 0-Billion Promise of Climate Finance &#8211; and How to Fix It.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 20 Oct. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C<\/a> .<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_48').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_48', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_49');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_49');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">49<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_49\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 Farand, Chlo\u00e9. \u201c&#8217;Betrayal&#8217;: US Approves Just bn Climate Finance for Developing Countries in 2022.\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 11 Mar. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/11\/betrayal-us-approves-just-1bn-climate-finance-for-developing-countries-in-2022\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/11\/betrayal-us-approves-just-1bn-climate-finance-for-developing-countries-in-2022\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_49').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_49', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2000 \u0648 2019 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639 65% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_50');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_50');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">50<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_50\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 Cormann, Mathias. \u201cStatement from OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann on Climate Finance in 2019.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, 17 Sept. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/statement-from-oecd-secretary-general-mathias-cormann-on-climate-finance-in-2019.htm\">www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/statement-from-oecd-secretary-general-mathias-cormann-on-climate-finance-in-2019.htm<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_50').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_50', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 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\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_51');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_51');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">51<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_51\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Toetzke, Malte, et al. \u201cConsistent and Replicable Estimation of Bilateral Climate Finance.\u201d <em>Nature Climate Change<\/em>, vol. 12, no. 10, 2022, pp. 897\u2013900., doi:10.1038\/s41558-022-01482-7.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_51').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_51', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">52<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_52\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Toetzke, Malte, et al. \u201cConsistent and Replicable Estimation of Bilateral Climate Finance.\u201d <em>Nature Climate Change<\/em>, vol. 12, no. 10, 2022, pp. 897\u2013900., doi:10.1038\/s41558-022-01482-7.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_52').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_52', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_53');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">53<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_53\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Schalatek, Liane, and Charlene Watson. \u201cGlobal Climate Finance Architecture &#8211; Climate Funds Update.\u201d <em>Climate Funds Update &#8211;<\/em>, Feb. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/climatefundsupdate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/CFF2-2019-ENG-DIGITAL.pdf\">climatefundsupdate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/CFF2-2019-ENG-DIGITAL.pdf<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_53').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_53', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_54\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 OECD. \u201cClimate Finance for Developing Countries Rose to USD 78.9 Billion in 2018.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, 6 Nov. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/climate-finance-for-developing-countries-rose-to-usd-78-9-billion-in-2018oecd.htm\">www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/climate-finance-for-developing-countries-rose-to-usd-78-9-billion-in-2018oecd.htm<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_54').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_54', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 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\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_55');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_55');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">55<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_55\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Oxfam. \u201cTrue Value of Climate Finance Is a Third of What Developed Countries Report.\u201d <em>Oxfam International<\/em>, 19 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/en\/press-releases\/true-value-climate-finance-third-what-developed-countries-report-oxfam#:~:text=Oxfam%20estimates%20between%20just%20%2421,the%20total%20to%20%2483.3%20billion\">www.oxfam.org\/en\/press-releases\/true-value-climate-finance-third-what-developed-countries-report-oxfam#:~:text=Oxfam%20estimates%20between%20just%20%2421,the%20total%20to%20%2483.3%20billion<\/a>).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_55').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_55', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_56');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_56');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">56<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_56\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 Carty, Tracy, and Jan Kowalzig. \u201cClimate Finance Short-Changed: The Real Value of the 0 Billion Commitment in 2019\u20132020.\u201d <em>Oxfam<\/em>, 20 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/\">www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_56').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_56', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_57');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_57');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">57<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_57\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Liao, Cynthia, et al. \u201cWhat Is Loss and Damage?\u201d <em>Chatham House \u2013 International Affairs Think Tank<\/em>, 12 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage\">www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_57').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_57', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0644\u0649 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">58<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_58\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Farand, Chlo\u00e9. \u201cMapping Vulnerability: Why the IPCC&#8217;s Geography of Climate Risk Is Contentious.\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 11 Mar. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/10\/mapping-vulnerability-why-the-ipccs-geography-of-climate-risk-is-contentious\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/10\/mapping-vulnerability-why-the-ipccs-geography-of-climate-risk-is-contentious\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_58').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_58', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_59');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">59<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_59\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mechler, Reinhard, et al. <em>Loss and Damage from Climate Change<\/em>. Springer International Publishing, 2019.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_59').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_59', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 20-580 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.1-1.7 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_60');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_60');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">60<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_60\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 <em>ibid.<\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_60').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_60', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_61');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_61');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">61<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_61\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Thomas, Adelle. \u201cLoss and Damage: A Moral Imperative to Act &#8211; World.\u201d <em>ReliefWeb<\/em>, 2 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/loss-and-damage-moral-imperative-act\">reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/loss-and-damage-moral-imperative-act<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_61').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_61', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP19) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e&#8221; (WIM) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_62');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_62');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">62<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_62\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Warner, Koko. \u201cSignificance of the Warsaw International Mechanism.\u201d <em>Institute for Environment and Human Security<\/em>, 9 Nov. 2013<a href=\"about:blank\">, ehs.unu.edu\/news\/news\/significance-of-the-warsaw-international-mechanism.html<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_62').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_62', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP21)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_63');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_63');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_63\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">63<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_63\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UNFCC. \u201cParis Agreement &#8211; UNFCCC.\u201d <em>UNFCC<\/em>, 2015, <a href=\"http:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/english_paris_agreement.pdf\">unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/english_paris_agreement.pdf<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_63').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_63', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_64');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_64');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_64\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">64<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_64\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bhandari, Preety, et al. \u201cWhat Is \u2018Loss and Damage\u2019 from Climate Change? 6 Key Questions, Answered.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 6 Apr. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change\">www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_64').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_64', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP26)\u060c \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_65');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_65');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_65\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">65<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_65\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The United Nations. \u201cCOP26: Together for Our Planet.\u201d <em>United Nations<\/em>, United Nations, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/cop26\">www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/cop26<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_65').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_65', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_66');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_66\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">66<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_66\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Liao, Cynthia, et al. \u201cWhat Is Loss and Damage?\u201d <em>Chatham House \u2013 International Affairs Think <\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_66').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_66', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (COP27)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_67');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_67');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_67\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">67<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_67\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Dasgupta, Ani, and Preety Bhandari. \u201cCOP27&#8217;s Success Hinges on Loss and Damage Finance Discussions.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 28 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/cop27-loss-damage-finance\">www.wri.org\/insights\/cop27-loss-damage-finance<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_67').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_67', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a 6 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 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COP27 Puts Climate Compensation on Agenda for First Time.\u201d <em>Peninsula<\/em>, 6 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/06\/11\/2022\/cop27-puts-climate-compensation-on-agenda-for-first-time\">thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/06\/11\/2022\/cop27-puts-climate-compensation-on-agenda-for-first-time<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_68').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_68', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c 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tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_69');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_69');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_69\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">69<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_69\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Liao, Cynthia, et al. \u201cWhat Is Loss and Damage?\u201d <em>Chatham House \u2013 International Affairs Think Tank<\/em>, 12 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage\">www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_69').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_69', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_70');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_70');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_70\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">70<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_70\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">T\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2 Ol\u00faf\u1eb9\u0301mi O., and Beba Cibralic. \u201cThe Case for Climate Reparations.\u201d <em>Foreign Policy<\/em>, 10 Oct. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2020\/10\/10\/case-for-climate-reparations-crisis-migration-refugees-inequality\/\">foreignpolicy.com\/2020\/10\/10\/case-for-climate-reparations-crisis-migration-refugees-inequality\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_70').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_70', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_71');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_71');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_71\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">71<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_71\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Shawoo, Zoha. \u201cRedefining climate finance \u2013 from aid to reparations\u201d. SEI. 11 January 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sei.org\/perspectives\/redefining-climate-finance-aid-reparations\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.sei.org\/perspectives\/redefining-climate-finance-aid-reparations\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_71').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_71', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_72');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_72');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_72\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">72<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_72\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bhandari, Preety, et al. \u201cWhat Is \u2018Loss and Damage\u2019 from Climate Change? 6 Key Questions, Answered.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 6 Apr. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change\">www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_72').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_72', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_73');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_73');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_73\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">73<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_73\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">UNU -WIDER (2012) Responding to Aid-Induced Dutch Disease.\u00a0 Helsinki: UNU-WIDER.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_73').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_73', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_74');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_74');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_74\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">74<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_74\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Arsham Reisinezhad. The Dutch Disease Revisited: Theory and Evidence. 2020. ffhalshs-03012647f<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_74').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_74', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_75');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_75');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_75\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">75<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_75\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bhandari, Preety, et al. \u201cWhat Is \u2018Loss and Damage\u2019 from Climate Change? 6 Key Questions, Answered.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 6 Apr. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change\">www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_75').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_75', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_76\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">76<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_76\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0 The Economist. \u201cThe World Is Going to Miss the Totemic 1.5\u00b0C Climate Target.\u201d <em>The Economist<\/em>, The Economist Newspaper, 5 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/interactive\/briefing\/2022\/11\/05\/the-world-is-going-to-miss-the-totemic-1-5c-climate-target\">www.economist.com\/interactive\/briefing\/2022\/11\/05\/the-world-is-going-to-miss-the-totemic-1-5c-climate-target<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_76').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_76', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">77<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_77\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Diouf Sarr, Madeleine. \u201cAt Cop 27, Support Poorest for Climate Loss and Damage.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03474-1\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03474-1<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_77').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_77', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_24017_1('footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_78');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_78\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">78<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_78\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Carty, Tracy, and Jan Kowalzig. \u201cClimate Finance Short-Changed: The Real Value of the 0 Billion Commitment in 2019\u20132020.\u201d <em>Oxfam<\/em>, 20 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/\">www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_78').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_24017_1_78', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_24017_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_24017_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_24017_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_24017_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UNFCC. \u201cConference of the Parties (COP).\u201d <em>Unfccc.int<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/unfccc.int\/process\/bodies\/supreme-bodies\/conference-of-the-parties-cop\">unfccc.int\/process\/bodies\/supreme-bodies\/conference-of-the-parties-cop<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Shah, Anup. \u201cCop7-Marrakesh Climate Conference.\u201d <em>&#8211; Global Issues<\/em>, 11 Nov. 2001, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/297\/cop7-marrakesh-climate-conference\">www.globalissues.org\/article\/297\/cop7-marrakesh-climate-conference<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Waagsaether, Katinka. \u201cOutcomes and Shortcomings of COP 18, Doha.\u201d <em>The Adaptation Network<\/em>, 25 Aug. 2016, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adaptationnetwork.org.za\/climate-negotiations\/outcomes-shortcomings-cop-18-doha\/\">www.adaptationnetwork.org.za\/climate-negotiations\/outcomes-shortcomings-cop-18-doha\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Denchak , Melissa. \u201cParis Climate Agreement: Everything You Need To Know.\u201d <em>NRDC<\/em>, 19 Feb. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/stories\/paris-climate-agreement-everything-you-need-know\">www.nrdc.org\/stories\/paris-climate-agreement-everything-you-need-know<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abnett, Kate. \u201cExplainer: What&#8217;s the Difference between 1.5\u00b0C and 2\u00b0C of Global Warming?\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 9 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/cop\/whats-difference-between-15c-2c-global-warming-2021-11-07\/\">www.reuters.com\/business\/cop\/whats-difference-between-15c-2c-global-warming-2021-11-07\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Buis, Alan. \u201cA Degree of Concern: Why Global Temperatures Matter \u2013 Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet.\u201d <em>NASA<\/em>, NASA, 12 Oct. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/news\/2865\/a-degree-of-concern-why-global-temperatures-matter\/\">climate.nasa.gov\/news\/2865\/a-degree-of-concern-why-global-temperatures-matter\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Harvey, Fiona. \u201cCOP26 Draft Text Annotated: What It Says and What It Means.\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, Guardian News and Media, 10 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/ng-interactive\/2021\/nov\/10\/cop26-draft-text-annotated-what-it-says-and-what-it-means\">www.theguardian.com\/environment\/ng-interactive\/2021\/nov\/10\/cop26-draft-text-annotated-what-it-says-and-what-it-means<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Harvey, Fiona. \u201cDeveloping Nations Welcome US Climate Finance Pledge but Warn More Is Needed.\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, Guardian News and Media, 22 Sept. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/sep\/22\/developing-nations-welcome-us-climate-finance-pledge-but-warn-more-is-needed\">www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/sep\/22\/developing-nations-welcome-us-climate-finance-pledge-but-warn-more-is-needed<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">COP26 Official Website. \u201cMobilise Finance.\u201d <em>UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) at the SEC \u2013 Glasgow 2021<\/em>, 29 Mar. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/ukcop26.org\/cop26-goals\/finance\/\">ukcop26.org\/cop26-goals\/finance\/.<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Dickie, Glorie. \u201cThe World Could Reach 1.5\u00b0C of Warming in Just 5 Years, Reveals WMO.\u201d <em>World Economic Forum<\/em>, 13 May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/05\/1-5-degrees-world-global-warming-wmo-reports\/\">www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/05\/1-5-degrees-world-global-warming-wmo-reports\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UN Environment. \u201cEmissions Gap Report 2022.\u201d <em>UNEP<\/em>, 27 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2022\">www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2022<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al Monitor. \u201cEgypt Gears Up to Host Next Climate Summit.\u201d <em>Al Monitor<\/em>, 26 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/11\/egypt-gears-host-next-climate-summit\">www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/11\/egypt-gears-host-next-climate-summit<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">InterRegional for Strategic Analysis. \u201cGrowing Risks: What Are the Potential Effects of Climate Change on African Countries?\u201d <em>MIR<\/em>, 26 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.interregional.com\/en\/growing-risks\/\">www.interregional.com\/en\/growing-risks\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. \u201cAfrica Losing up to 15% of GDP Growth to Climate Change, African Development Bank Says.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 13 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/\">www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. \u201cAfrica Losing up to 15% of GDP Growth to Climate Change, African Development Bank Says.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 13 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/\">www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/africa-losing-up-15-gdp-growth-climate-change-afdb-2022-09-13\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kebret, Etsehiwot. \u201cOpinion: How the African Development Bank Can Drive Climate Finance to the Continent.\u201d <em>China Dialogue<\/em>, 22 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/en\/climate\/opinion-how-the-african-development-bank-can-drive-climate-finance-to-the-continent\/\">chinadialogue.net\/en\/climate\/opinion-how-the-african-development-bank-can-drive-climate-finance-to-the-continent\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Soliman, Mohammed. \u201cAt COP27, Egypt Aims to Rebuild Its International Standing.\u201d <em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>, 26 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260\">carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Soliman, Mohammed. \u201cAt COP27, Egypt Aims to Rebuild Its International Standing.\u201d <em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>, 26 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260\">carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/10\/26\/at-cop27-egypt-aims-to-rebuild-its-international-standing-pub-88260<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">AFP. \u201cKerry Meets African Leaders in Egypt for Climate Talks.\u201d <em>Daily Times<\/em>, 8 Sept. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/dailytimes.com.pk\/994280\/kerry-meets-african-leaders-in-egypt-for-climate-talks\/\">dailytimes.com.pk\/994280\/kerry-meets-african-leaders-in-egypt-for-climate-talks\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. \u201cMinisters at Cairo Forum Seek Sharp Expansion of Climate Financing\u201d. <em>Arab News<\/em>. 10 September 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2160186\/middle-east\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2160186\/middle-east<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zittis, G.,\u00a0Almazroui, M.,\u00a0Alpert, P.,\u00a0Ciais, P.,\u00a0Cramer, W.,\u00a0Dahdal, Y., et\u00a0al. (2022).\u00a0Climate change and weather extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East.\u00a0<em>Reviews of Geophysics<\/em>,\u00a060, e2021RG000762.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021RG000762\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021RG000762<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Vohra, Anchal. \u201cThe Middle East Is Becoming Literally Uninhabitable.\u201d <em>Foreign Policy<\/em>, 24 Aug. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/08\/24\/the-middle-east-is-becoming-literally-uninhabitable\/\">foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/08\/24\/the-middle-east-is-becoming-literally-uninhabitable\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Dohrmann, Mark, and Robert Hatem. \u201cThe Impact of Hydro-Politics on the Relations of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria.\u201d\u00a0<em>Middle East Journal<\/em>, vol. 68, no. 4, 2014, pp. 567\u201383.\u00a0<em>JSTOR<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43698183\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43698183<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hashem, Mustafa, et al. \u201cNEGOTIATIONS OF ARAB STATES UNDER UNFCCC: Interlinkages and Recommendations.\u201d <em>Friedrich Ebert Stiftung<\/em>, May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/19455.pdf\">library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/19455.pdf<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. \u201cSaudi Arabia Commits .5 Bln to Middle East Green Initiative &#8211; Crown Prince.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 7 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/sustainable-business\/saudi-arabia-commits-25-bln-middle-east-green-initiative-crown-prince-2022-11-07\/\">www.reuters.com\/business\/sustainable-business\/saudi-arabia-commits-25-bln-middle-east-green-initiative-crown-prince-2022-11-07\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sauer, Natalie, and Soila Apparicio. \u201cWhich Countries Have Not Ratified the Paris Climate Agreement?\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 3 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/08\/13\/countries-yet-ratify-paris-agreement\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/08\/13\/countries-yet-ratify-paris-agreement\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">McCarthy, Joe. \u201cSaudi Arabia Is Investing 0 Billion in Solar Energy.\u201d <em>Global Citizen<\/em>, 28 Mar. 2018, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/saudi-arabia-solar-energy-200-billion-investment\/\">www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/saudi-arabia-solar-energy-200-billion-investment\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The Economist. \u201cLebanon&#8217;s Economic Crisis Is Wrecking the Environment, Too.\u201d <em>The Economist<\/em>, The Economist Newspaper, 6 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2022\/10\/06\/lebanons-economic-crisis-is-wrecking-the-environment-too\">www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2022\/10\/06\/lebanons-economic-crisis-is-wrecking-the-environment-too<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Egypt Today. \u201cGas Deal between Egypt, Lebanon Stalled Because of WB New Terms: Minister.\u201d <em>EgyptToday<\/em>, 20 Sep. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/3\/119305\/Gas-deal-between-Egypt-Lebanon-stalled-because-of-WB-new\">www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/3\/119305\/Gas-deal-between-Egypt-Lebanon-stalled-because-of-WB-new<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Gibney, Elizabeth. \u201cThe Middle East Is Going Green &#8211; While Supplying Oil to Others.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 27 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03346-8\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03346-8<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Gerken, Tom, and Justin Rowlatt. \u201cCOP26: Document Leak Reveals Nations Lobbying to Change Key Climate Report.\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 21 Oct. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-58982445\">www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-58982445<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bodetti, Austin. \u201cArab States Snuggle up and Strategise Ahead of COP27 Summit.\u201d <em>The New Arab<\/em>, The New Arab, 4 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/english.alaraby.co.uk\/features\/arab-states-snuggle-and-strategise-ahead-cop27-summit\">english.alaraby.co.uk\/features\/arab-states-snuggle-and-strategise-ahead-cop27-summit<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Saadi, Dania, and Herman Wang. \u201cCOP27: Middle East Producers to Defend Oil, Gas, While Grappling with Own Climate Pressures.\u201d <em>S&amp;P Global Commodity Insights<\/em>, S&amp;P Global Commodity Insights, 4 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/electric-power\/110422-cop27-middle-east-producers-to-defend-oil-gas-while-grappling-with-own-climate-pressures\">www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/electric-power\/110422-cop27-middle-east-producers-to-defend-oil-gas-while-grappling-with-own-climate-pressures<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Grosse, Corrie, and Brigid Mark. &#8220;A colonized COP: Indigenous exclusion and youth climate justice activism at the United Nations climate change negotiations&#8221;. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 11.3 (2020): 146-170. &lt; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/jhre.2020.03.07\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/jhre.2020.03.07<\/span><\/a>&gt;.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hawley, Caroline. \u201cAlaa Abdel Fattah: Jailed British-Egyptian Activist Escalates Hunger Strike.\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830\">www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hawley, Caroline. \u201cAlaa Abdel Fattah: Jailed British-Egyptian Activist Escalates Hunger Strike.\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830\">www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63468830<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al Jazeera. \u201cEgypt Detains Indian Activist on Climate March Ahead of COP27.\u201d <em>Climate Crisis News | Al Jazeera<\/em>, Al Jazeera, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/11\/1\/egypt-detains-indian-activist-on-climate-march-ahead-of-cop27\">www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/11\/1\/egypt-detains-indian-activist-on-climate-march-ahead-of-cop27<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Amnesty International. \u201cEgypt: Lift Restrictions on Civic Space to Ensure a Successful COP27.\u201d <em>Amnesty International<\/em>, 25 May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/05\/egypt-lift-restrictions-on-civic-space-to-ensure-a-successful-cop27\/\">www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/05\/egypt-lift-restrictions-on-civic-space-to-ensure-a-successful-cop27\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Michaelson, Ruth. \u201cEgyptian Ngos Complain of Being Shut out of COP27 Climate Summit.\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, Guardian News and Media, 24 Aug. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/aug\/24\/egyptian-ngos-complain-of-being-shut-out-of-cop27-climate-summit\">www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/aug\/24\/egyptian-ngos-complain-of-being-shut-out-of-cop27-climate-summit<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_40');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Farand, Chlo\u00e9. \u201cActivists Raise Inclusivity Concerns for COP27 as Egypt Hikes Hotel Prices.\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 24 Feb. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/02\/24\/activists-raise-inclusivity-concerns-for-cop27-as-egypt-hikes-hotel-prices\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/02\/24\/activists-raise-inclusivity-concerns-for-cop27-as-egypt-hikes-hotel-prices\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_41');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Saafan, Farah, and Aidan Lewis. \u201cEgypt COP27 Climate Summit Activists Concerned Voices Will Be Curtailed.\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, Thomson Reuters, 24 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/\">www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/egypt-cop27-climate-summit-activists-concerned-voices-will-be-curtailed-2022-10-24\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_42');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>42<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Prengaman, Peter. \u201cEgypt Promises to Allow Protest, Push Pledges as COP27 Host.\u201d <em>AP NEWS<\/em>, Associated Press, 24 May 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/climate-politics-africa-sameh-shoukry-ef68f280f3fadcbb337f673ee55a2762\">apnews.com\/article\/climate-politics-africa-sameh-shoukry-ef68f280f3fadcbb337f673ee55a2762<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_43');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>43<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">COP27 Official Website. \u201cCOP27 Official.\u201d <em>COP27<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/vision\">cop27.eg\/#\/vision<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_44');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>44<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OECD. \u201cClimate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/\">www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_45');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>45<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Morris, Chris. \u201cCOP 26: How Much Are Poor Countries Getting to Fight Climate Change?\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, BBC, 14 Nov. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/57975275\">www.bbc.com\/news\/57975275<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_46');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>46<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Timperley, Jocelyn. \u201cThe Broken 0-Billion Promise of Climate Finance &#8211; and How to Fix It.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 20 Oct. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_47');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>47<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OECD. \u201cClimate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/\">www.oecd.org\/climate-change\/finance-usd-100-billion-goal\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_48');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>48<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Timperley, Jocelyn. \u201cThe Broken 0-Billion Promise of Climate Finance &#8211; and How to Fix It.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 20 Oct. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02846-3#:~:text=That%20is%20far%20below%20the,warming%20exceeding%201.5%20%C2%B0C<\/a> .<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_49');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>49<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Farand, Chlo\u00e9. \u201c&#8217;Betrayal&#8217;: US Approves Just bn Climate Finance for Developing Countries in 2022.\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 11 Mar. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/11\/betrayal-us-approves-just-1bn-climate-finance-for-developing-countries-in-2022\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/11\/betrayal-us-approves-just-1bn-climate-finance-for-developing-countries-in-2022\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_50');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>50<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Cormann, Mathias. \u201cStatement from OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann on Climate Finance in 2019.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, 17 Sept. 2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/statement-from-oecd-secretary-general-mathias-cormann-on-climate-finance-in-2019.htm\">www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/statement-from-oecd-secretary-general-mathias-cormann-on-climate-finance-in-2019.htm<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_51');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>51<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Toetzke, Malte, et al. \u201cConsistent and Replicable Estimation of Bilateral Climate Finance.\u201d <em>Nature Climate Change<\/em>, vol. 12, no. 10, 2022, pp. 897\u2013900., doi:10.1038\/s41558-022-01482-7.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_52');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>52<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Toetzke, Malte, et al. \u201cConsistent and Replicable Estimation of Bilateral Climate Finance.\u201d <em>Nature Climate Change<\/em>, vol. 12, no. 10, 2022, pp. 897\u2013900., doi:10.1038\/s41558-022-01482-7.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_53');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>53<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Schalatek, Liane, and Charlene Watson. \u201cGlobal Climate Finance Architecture &#8211; Climate Funds Update.\u201d <em>Climate Funds Update &#8211;<\/em>, Feb. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/climatefundsupdate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/CFF2-2019-ENG-DIGITAL.pdf\">climatefundsupdate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/CFF2-2019-ENG-DIGITAL.pdf<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_54');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>54<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 OECD. \u201cClimate Finance for Developing Countries Rose to USD 78.9 Billion in 2018.\u201d <em>OECD<\/em>, 6 Nov. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/climate-finance-for-developing-countries-rose-to-usd-78-9-billion-in-2018oecd.htm\">www.oecd.org\/newsroom\/climate-finance-for-developing-countries-rose-to-usd-78-9-billion-in-2018oecd.htm<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_55');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>55<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Oxfam. \u201cTrue Value of Climate Finance Is a Third of What Developed Countries Report.\u201d <em>Oxfam International<\/em>, 19 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/en\/press-releases\/true-value-climate-finance-third-what-developed-countries-report-oxfam#:~:text=Oxfam%20estimates%20between%20just%20%2421,the%20total%20to%20%2483.3%20billion\">www.oxfam.org\/en\/press-releases\/true-value-climate-finance-third-what-developed-countries-report-oxfam#:~:text=Oxfam%20estimates%20between%20just%20%2421,the%20total%20to%20%2483.3%20billion<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_56');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>56<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Carty, Tracy, and Jan Kowalzig. \u201cClimate Finance Short-Changed: The Real Value of the 0 Billion Commitment in 2019\u20132020.\u201d <em>Oxfam<\/em>, 20 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/\">www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_57');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>57<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Liao, Cynthia, et al. \u201cWhat Is Loss and Damage?\u201d <em>Chatham House \u2013 International Affairs Think Tank<\/em>, 12 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage\">www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_58');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>58<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Farand, Chlo\u00e9. \u201cMapping Vulnerability: Why the IPCC&#8217;s Geography of Climate Risk Is Contentious.\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, Climate Home, 11 Mar. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/10\/mapping-vulnerability-why-the-ipccs-geography-of-climate-risk-is-contentious\/\">www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/03\/10\/mapping-vulnerability-why-the-ipccs-geography-of-climate-risk-is-contentious\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_59');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>59<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mechler, Reinhard, et al. <em>Loss and Damage from Climate Change<\/em>. Springer International Publishing, 2019.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_60');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>60<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 <em>ibid.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_61');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>61<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Thomas, Adelle. \u201cLoss and Damage: A Moral Imperative to Act &#8211; World.\u201d <em>ReliefWeb<\/em>, 2 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/loss-and-damage-moral-imperative-act\">reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/loss-and-damage-moral-imperative-act<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_62');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>62<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Warner, Koko. \u201cSignificance of the Warsaw International Mechanism.\u201d <em>Institute for Environment and Human Security<\/em>, 9 Nov. 2013<a href=\"about:blank\">, ehs.unu.edu\/news\/news\/significance-of-the-warsaw-international-mechanism.html<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_63\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_63');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>63<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UNFCC. \u201cParis Agreement &#8211; UNFCCC.\u201d <em>UNFCC<\/em>, 2015, <a href=\"http:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/english_paris_agreement.pdf\">unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/english_paris_agreement.pdf<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_64\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_64');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>64<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bhandari, Preety, et al. \u201cWhat Is \u2018Loss and Damage\u2019 from Climate Change? 6 Key Questions, Answered.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 6 Apr. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change\">www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_65\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_65');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>65<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The United Nations. \u201cCOP26: Together for Our Planet.\u201d <em>United Nations<\/em>, United Nations, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/cop26\">www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/cop26<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_66\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_66');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>66<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Liao, Cynthia, et al. \u201cWhat Is Loss and Damage?\u201d <em>Chatham House \u2013 International Affairs Think <\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_67\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_67');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>67<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Dasgupta, Ani, and Preety Bhandari. \u201cCOP27&#8217;s Success Hinges on Loss and Damage Finance Discussions.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 28 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/cop27-loss-damage-finance\">www.wri.org\/insights\/cop27-loss-damage-finance<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_68\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_68');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>68<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. COP27 Puts Climate Compensation on Agenda for First Time.\u201d <em>Peninsula<\/em>, 6 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/06\/11\/2022\/cop27-puts-climate-compensation-on-agenda-for-first-time\">thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/06\/11\/2022\/cop27-puts-climate-compensation-on-agenda-for-first-time<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_69\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_69');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>69<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Liao, Cynthia, et al. \u201cWhat Is Loss and Damage?\u201d <em>Chatham House \u2013 International Affairs Think Tank<\/em>, 12 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage\">www.chathamhouse.org\/2022\/08\/what-loss-and-damage<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_70\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_70');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>70<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">T\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2 Ol\u00faf\u1eb9\u0301mi O., and Beba Cibralic. \u201cThe Case for Climate Reparations.\u201d <em>Foreign Policy<\/em>, 10 Oct. 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2020\/10\/10\/case-for-climate-reparations-crisis-migration-refugees-inequality\/\">foreignpolicy.com\/2020\/10\/10\/case-for-climate-reparations-crisis-migration-refugees-inequality\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_71\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_71');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>71<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Shawoo, Zoha. \u201cRedefining climate finance \u2013 from aid to reparations\u201d. SEI. 11 January 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sei.org\/perspectives\/redefining-climate-finance-aid-reparations\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.sei.org\/perspectives\/redefining-climate-finance-aid-reparations\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_72\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_72');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>72<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bhandari, Preety, et al. \u201cWhat Is \u2018Loss and Damage\u2019 from Climate Change? 6 Key Questions, Answered.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 6 Apr. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change\">www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_73\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_73');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>73<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">UNU -WIDER (2012) Responding to Aid-Induced Dutch Disease.\u00a0 Helsinki: UNU-WIDER.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_74\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_74');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>74<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Arsham Reisinezhad. The Dutch Disease Revisited: Theory and Evidence. 2020. ffhalshs-03012647f<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_75\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_75');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>75<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bhandari, Preety, et al. \u201cWhat Is \u2018Loss and Damage\u2019 from Climate Change? 6 Key Questions, Answered.\u201d <em>World Resources Institute<\/em>, 6 Apr. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change\">www.wri.org\/insights\/loss-damage-climate-change<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_76\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_76');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>76<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 The Economist. \u201cThe World Is Going to Miss the Totemic 1.5\u00b0C Climate Target.\u201d <em>The Economist<\/em>, The Economist Newspaper, 5 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/interactive\/briefing\/2022\/11\/05\/the-world-is-going-to-miss-the-totemic-1-5c-climate-target\">www.economist.com\/interactive\/briefing\/2022\/11\/05\/the-world-is-going-to-miss-the-totemic-1-5c-climate-target<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_77\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_77');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>77<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Diouf Sarr, Madeleine. \u201cAt Cop 27, Support Poorest for Climate Loss and Damage.\u201d <em>Nature News<\/em>, Nature Publishing Group, 1 Nov. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03474-1\">www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-03474-1<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_24017_1_78\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_24017_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_24017_1_78');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>78<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Carty, Tracy, and Jan Kowalzig. \u201cClimate Finance Short-Changed: The Real Value of the 0 Billion Commitment in 2019\u20132020.\u201d <em>Oxfam<\/em>, 20 Oct. 2022, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/\">www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/climate-finance-short-changed-the-real-value-of-the-100-billion-commitment-in-20192020\/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_24017_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_24017_1').show(); 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