{"id":22367,"date":"2022-05-13T14:34:22","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T12:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=22367"},"modified":"2022-05-13T14:37:01","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T12:37:01","slug":"%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%9f-%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%9f-%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u061f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2022\/01\/24\/lebanon-s-crisis-great-denial-in-the-deliberate-depression\">\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 -\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a 4 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631- \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/86499\">\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/86499\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d<\/a> \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/tcf.org\/content\/report\/lebanon-free-fall-opposition-groups-radically-different-ideas-save\/\">\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tcf.org\/content\/report\/lebanon-free-fall-opposition-groups-radically-different-ideas-save\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629<\/a> \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2021\/07\/26\/kais-saieds-power-grab-in-tunisia\/\">\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/dawnmena.org\/can-a-fragmented-opposition-save-tunisias-democracy-from-saied\/\">\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/dawnmena.org\/can-a-fragmented-opposition-save-tunisias-democracy-from-saied\/\">\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/tunisias-kais-saied-becomes-ordinary-politician\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/civil-society-in-a-time-of-transition\/\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/civil-society-in-a-time-of-transition\/\">\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/civil-society-in-a-time-of-transition\/\">\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/bti-project.org\/en\/reports\/country-report\/MAR?cHash=7bfe43106b2f463c8e7b722631c61441\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/a> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/catastrophic-moroccan-drought-boost-import-subsidy-costs-2022-02-18\/\">\u0623\u0634\u062f<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/catastrophic-moroccan-drought-boost-import-subsidy-costs-2022-02-18\/\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/catastrophic-moroccan-drought-boost-import-subsidy-costs-2022-02-18\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u061f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/reader.elsevier.com\/reader\/sd\/pii\/S0305750X15000704?token=A8D62C5BB7F07613E183F43D914DDBC09D373ED18D81D58C6E5728D731C0845A61147153EB71E83444B17B82E3036058&amp;originRegion=eu-west-1&amp;originCreation=20220303200335\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.albawsala.com\/en\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/kulluna-irada.org\/mission-and-blueprint\">\u0643\u0644<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kulluna-irada.org\/mission-and-blueprint\">\u0651<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kulluna-irada.org\/mission-and-blueprint\">\u0646\u0627<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kulluna-irada.org\/mission-and-blueprint\">\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/donnees\/\">\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/a>&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalbudget.org\/open-budget-survey\/country-results\/2019\/morocco\">\u0645\u0633\u062d<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalbudget.org\/open-budget-survey\/country-results\/2019\/morocco\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalbudget.org\/open-budget-survey\/country-results\/2019\/morocco\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwatch.tn\/ar\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0627<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwatch.tn\/ar\/\">\u064a\u0642\u0638<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/elgherbal.org\/\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/elgherbal.org\/\">\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1690\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1690\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 &#8220;<u>\u0627<\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.actionassociative.org\/?s=budget&amp;submit=\">\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actionassociative.org\/?s=budget&amp;submit=\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u061b \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/dalieh.org\/en\/home\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/dalieh.org\/en\/home\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 (\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/nouabook.ma\/fr\/\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0643<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/civilsociety-centre.org\/party\/social-movement-responding-lebanese-garbage-crisis\">\u0628\u062f\u0646\u0627<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/civilsociety-centre.org\/party\/social-movement-responding-lebanese-garbage-crisis\">\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.org\/news\/what-kind-of-local-government-do-we-want-in-tunisia\/\">\u0645\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.org\/news\/what-kind-of-local-government-do-we-want-in-tunisia\/\">\u062d\u0642\u064a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.org\/news\/what-kind-of-local-government-do-we-want-in-tunisia\/\">\u0646\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0643<\/a>&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u061b \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/english.legal-agenda.com\/about-us\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/english.legal-agenda.com\/about-us\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.international-alert.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Tunisia_HealthinTatatouine_AR_2018_1.pdf\">\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.international-alert.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Tunisia_HealthinTatatouine_AR_2018_1.pdf\">\u0623\u0644\u0631\u062a<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/sirenassociates.com\/report\/public-procurement-in-lebanon-a-gateway-to-malpractice\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sirenassociates.com\/report\/public-procurement-in-lebanon-a-gateway-to-malpractice\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-droit-dacces-a-linformation-lindicateur-smiig-data-des-communes\/\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-droit-dacces-a-linformation-lindicateur-smiig-data-des-communes\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-droit-dacces-a-linformation-lindicateur-smiig-data-des-communes\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-droit-dacces-a-linformation-lindicateur-smiig-data-des-communes\/\">\u0645\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-droit-dacces-a-linformation-lindicateur-smiig-data-des-communes\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-droit-dacces-a-linformation-lindicateur-smiig-data-des-communes\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tafra.ma\/la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-droit-dacces-a-linformation-lindicateur-smiig-data-des-communes\/\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;accountability&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 (\u0633\u0623\u0644)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633\u0647\u0645) \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628)\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\"> &#8220;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">&#8221; <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.undp.org\/content\/tunisia\/fr\/home\/projects\/tamkeen--pour-la-promotion-de-la-citoyennete--le-renforcement-de.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a&#8230; \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13629387.2017.1279971\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 [\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629&#8230; \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b&#8230; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a&#8230; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2017\/03\/30\/devolving-power-after-the-arab-spring-decentralization-as-a-solution\/\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2017\/03\/30\/devolving-power-after-the-arab-spring-decentralization-as-a-solution\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2017\/03\/30\/devolving-power-after-the-arab-spring-decentralization-as-a-solution\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2017\/03\/30\/devolving-power-after-the-arab-spring-decentralization-as-a-solution\/\">\u0641\u064a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2017\/03\/30\/devolving-power-after-the-arab-spring-decentralization-as-a-solution\/\">\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2017\/03\/30\/devolving-power-after-the-arab-spring-decentralization-as-a-solution\/\">\u0645\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2017\/03\/30\/devolving-power-after-the-arab-spring-decentralization-as-a-solution\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1318\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1318\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1318\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1318\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1318\">\u0641\u064a<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1318\">\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.org\/en\/?p=1318\">\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 15 \u064832 \u0648137 \u0648139)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0633\u064e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 &#8211; \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X20301042\">\u062a\u0638\u0644<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X20301042\">\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X20301042\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X20301042\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X20301042\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X20301042\">\u0639\u0646\u062f<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X20301042\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 &#8211; \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629) \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629.\u00a0 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13629395.2012.725304\">\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13629395.2012.725304\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jadaliyya.com\/Details\/33603\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632<\/a> \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0641 <a href=\"https:\/\/apo.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/2019-05\/apo-nid236096.pdf\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/apo.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/2019-05\/apo-nid236096.pdf\">\u064b <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/apo.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/2019-05\/apo-nid236096.pdf\">\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/apo.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/2019-05\/apo-nid236096.pdf\">\u064b<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/programme-and-centre\/action-for-empowerment-and-accountability-a4ea\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/programme-and-centre\/action-for-empowerment-and-accountability-a4ea\/\">\u0645\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/programme-and-centre\/action-for-empowerment-and-accountability-a4ea\/\">\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/programme-and-centre\/action-for-empowerment-and-accountability-a4ea\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/programme-and-centre\/action-for-empowerment-and-accountability-a4ea\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629<\/a>&#8221; (A4EA) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/\">\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/opendocs.ids.ac.uk\/opendocs\/handle\/20.500.12413\/17189\">\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/opendocs.ids.ac.uk\/opendocs\/handle\/20.500.12413\/17189\">\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/a>&#8220;. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":22377,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[241],"tags":[13,15,273,84],"class_list":["post-22367","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-241","tag-13","tag-15","tag-273","tag-84"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/22367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/22367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22368,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/22367\/revisions\/22368"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}