{"id":21869,"date":"2022-04-07T07:44:27","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T05:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=21869"},"modified":"2022-04-08T01:30:39","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T23:30:39","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nicholas Collins, \u201cVoices of a Revolution: Conversations with Tunisia\u2019s Youth\u201d (Tunis: National Democratic Institute, 2011), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pdf.usaid.gov\/pdf_docs\/pnadu912.pdf.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Christopher Dickey, \u201cTunisia Riots: The Youth Revolution,\u201d <em>Newsweek<\/em>, January 14, 2011, sec. World, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/tunisia-riots-youth-revolution-67095.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Pamela Abbott, Andrea Teti, and Roger John Sapsford, \u201cThe Myth of the Youth Revolution: The Role of Young People in the 2011 Arab Uprisings,\u201d <em>SSRN Electronic Journal<\/em>, 2017, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3085160.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ronald F. Inglehart, <em>Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies<\/em> (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ronald F. Inglehart, \u201cChanging Values in the Islamic World and the West: Social Tolerance and the Arab Spring,\u201d in <em>Values, Political Action, and Change in the Middle East and the Arab Spring<\/em>, ed. Moaddel Mansoor and Gelfand Michele J. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017), 3\u201324.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:Cole, Juan Ricardo, <em>The New Arabs: How the Millennial Generation Is Changing the Middle East<\/em> (New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u061f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a\u064f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Inglehart, \u201cChanging Values in the Islamic World and the West\u201d.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mansoor Moaddel and Julie De Jong, \u201cYouth Perceptions and Values During the Arab Spring: Cross-National Variation and Trends,\u201d in <em>Values, Political Action, and Change in the Middle East and the Arab Spring<\/em>, ed. Mansoor Moaddel and Michele J. Gelfand (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017), 25\u201357.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 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jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cGender Equality Index 2017: Measuring Gender Equality in the European Union 2005-2015.\u201d (LU: European Institute for Gender Equality, 2017), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2839\/707843.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 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\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Moaddel and De Jong, &#8220;Youth Perceptions and Values During the Arab Spring&#8221;, 38.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cDefinition of Youth,\u201d Fact Sheet (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)., n.d.), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/socdev\/documents\/youth\/fact-sheets\/youth-definition.pdf.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fethi Mansouri, \u201cYouth and Political Engagement in Post-Revolution Tunisia,\u201d <em>British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies<\/em>, May 15, 2020, 1\u201317, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13530194.2020.1765142.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 1 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 7 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0626\u0648\u064a\u060c 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\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642) \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 (36-55) \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 56)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b (18-24) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1). \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (25-35) \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2)\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<table width=\"415\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"415\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"415\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"415\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/td>\n<td>0.056*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.029)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.232***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.041)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 56 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>-0.367**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.149)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 18-24<\/td>\n<td>0.642***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.221)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 25-35<\/td>\n<td>0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.141)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n<td>-2.539***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.157)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"415\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>1,059<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>0.089<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>0.084<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1.766 (\u062f (\u0641) = 1053)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 (\u0641)<\/td>\n<td>20.496*** (\u062f (\u0641) = 5\u060c 1053)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"415\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/td>\n<td>* p&lt;0.1\u060c ** p&lt;0.05\u060c *** p&lt;0.01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"417\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"417\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"417\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"417\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/td>\n<td>0.056**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.179***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.044)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 56 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.185<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.159)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 18-24<\/td>\n<td>-0.090<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.169)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 25-35<\/td>\n<td>-0.596***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.151)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n<td>-3.035***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.179)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"417\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>1,104<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>0.044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>0.040<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1.911 (\u062f (\u0641) = 1098)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 (\u0641)<\/td>\n<td>10.186*** (\u062f(\u0641) = 5\u060c 1098)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"417\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/td>\n<td>* p&lt;0.1\u060c ** p&lt;0.05\u060c *** p&lt;0.01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 (\u0623\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637) \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<table width=\"427\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"427\">\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"427\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"427\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/td>\n<td>0.011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.025)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.091**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.036)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 56 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>-0.278**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 18-24<\/td>\n<td>0.166<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.193)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 25-35<\/td>\n<td>0.198<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.124)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n<td>2.522***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.137)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"427\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>1,056<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>0.028<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>0.024<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1.546 (\u062f (\u0641) = 1050)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 (\u0641)<\/td>\n<td>6.115*** (\u062f (\u0641) = 5\u060c 1050)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"427\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/td>\n<td>* p&lt;0.1\u060c ** p&lt;0.05\u060c *** p&lt;0.01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"429\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"429\"><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"429\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"429\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/td>\n<td>0.040*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.022)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.108***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(0.037)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0.187<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 56 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>(0.134)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>-0.140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 18-24<\/td>\n<td>(0.143)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>-0.545***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 25-35<\/td>\n<td>(0.128)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1.477***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n<td>(0.151)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"429\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1,104<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.036<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>0.031<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R2 )<\/td>\n<td>1.615 (\u062f (\u0641) = 1098)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>8.126*** (\u062f (\u0641) = 5\u060c 1098)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"429\">\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 (\u0641)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/td>\n<td>* p&lt;0.1; ** p&lt;0.05; *** p&lt;0.01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b -\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0625\u0644\u0649 35 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Desrues, Thierry, and Ana Velasco Arranz. \u201cAssociations and Young People during the Tunisian Transition: Pluralism, Socialisation, and Democratic Legitimation?\u201d <em>The Journal of North African Studies<\/em> 26, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 251\u201371. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13629387.2019.1665286\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13629387.2019.1665286<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ronald F. Inglehart, \u201cThe Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies\u201d <em>American Political Science Review<\/em> 65, no. 4 (December 1971): 991\u20131017. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1953494\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1953494<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cIndicateurs de l\u2019emploi et Du Ch\u00f4mage, Troisi\u00e8me Trimestre 2021,\u201d (Tunis: Institut National des Statistiques, November 2021). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ins.tn\/publication\/indicateurs-de-lemploi-et-du-chomage-troisieme-trimestre-2021\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.ins.tn\/publication\/indicateurs-de-lemploi-et-du-chomage-troisieme-trimestre-2021<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_20').tooltip({ tip: 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201cIndicateurs de l\u2019emploi et Du Ch\u00f4mage, Troisi\u00e8me Trimestre 2021.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Maro Youssef, \u201cUnlikely Feminist Coalitions: Islamist and Secularist Women\u2019s Organizing in Tunisia,\u201d <em>Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State &amp; Society<\/em>, October 11, 2021, jxab020, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sp\/jxab020.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_25');\" ><sup 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class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Tobich, Fa\u00efza. <em>Les Statuts Personnels Dans Les Pays Arabes\u202f: De l\u2019\u00e9clatement \u00e0 l\u2019harmonisation<\/em> (Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires d\u2019Aix-Marseille, 2015). <a href=\"http:\/\/books.openedition.org\/puam\/1005\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/books.openedition.org\/puam\/1005<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Salih Yasun, \u201cAttitudes on Family Law as an Electoral Cleavage: Survey Evidence from Tunisia,\u201d <em>Middle East Law and Governance<\/em> 12, no. 2 (August 29, 2020): 131\u201366, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/18763375-01202003.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21869_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Youssef, \u201cUnlikely Feminist Coalitions.\u201d<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21869_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221;. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21875\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-1-720x619.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-1-720x619.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-1-1440x1238.png 1440w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-1-768x660.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-1-1536x1321.png 1536w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-1.png 1563w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21878\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-2-720x601.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-2-720x601.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-2-1440x1203.png 1440w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-2-768x641.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-2-1536x1283.png 1536w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181250\/AR-Graph-2.png 1596w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21881\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-3-720x615.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-3-720x615.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-3-1440x1231.png 1440w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-3-768x656.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-3-1536x1313.png 1536w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-3.png 1582w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21884\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-4-720x633.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-4-720x633.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-4-1440x1267.png 1440w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-4-768x676.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-4-1536x1351.png 1536w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-4.png 1621w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21887\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-5-720x643.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-5-720x643.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-5-1440x1286.png 1440w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-5-768x686.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-5-1536x1372.png 1536w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181249\/AR-Graph-5.png 1591w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21890\" src=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181248\/AR-Graph-6-720x637.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181248\/AR-Graph-6-720x637.png 720w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181248\/AR-Graph-6-1440x1274.png 1440w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181248\/AR-Graph-6-768x679.png 768w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181248\/AR-Graph-6-1536x1358.png 1536w, https:\/\/d2uecu6cucl1lj.cloudfront.net\/ari\/2022\/03\/25181248\/AR-Graph-6.png 1618w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_21869_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_21869_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_21869_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_21869_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nicholas Collins, \u201cVoices of a Revolution: Conversations with Tunisia\u2019s Youth\u201d (Tunis: National Democratic Institute, 2011), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/pdf.usaid.gov\/pdf_docs\/pnadu912.pdf.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Christopher Dickey, \u201cTunisia Riots: The Youth Revolution,\u201d <em>Newsweek<\/em>, January 14, 2011, sec. World, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/tunisia-riots-youth-revolution-67095.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Pamela Abbott, Andrea Teti, and Roger John Sapsford, \u201cThe Myth of the Youth Revolution: The Role of Young People in the 2011 Arab Uprisings,\u201d <em>SSRN Electronic Journal<\/em>, 2017, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3085160.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ronald F. Inglehart, <em>Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies<\/em> (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ronald F. Inglehart, \u201cChanging Values in the Islamic World and the West: Social Tolerance and the Arab Spring,\u201d in <em>Values, Political Action, and Change in the Middle East and the Arab Spring<\/em>, ed. Moaddel Mansoor and Gelfand Michele J. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017), 3\u201324.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:Cole, Juan Ricardo, <em>The New Arabs: How the Millennial Generation Is Changing the Middle East<\/em> (New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Inglehart, \u201cChanging Values in the Islamic World and the West\u201d.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mansoor Moaddel and Julie De Jong, \u201cYouth Perceptions and Values During the Arab Spring: Cross-National Variation and Trends,\u201d in <em>Values, Political Action, and Change in the Middle East and the Arab Spring<\/em>, ed. Mansoor Moaddel and Michele J. Gelfand (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017), 25\u201357.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abbott, Teti, and Sapsford, &#8220;The Myth of the Youth Revolution&#8221;, 22.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cGender Equality Index 2017: Measuring Gender Equality in the European Union 2005-2015.\u201d (LU: European Institute for Gender Equality, 2017), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2839\/707843.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Moaddel and De Jong, &#8220;Youth Perceptions and Values During the Arab Spring&#8221;, 38.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cDefinition of Youth,\u201d Fact Sheet (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)., n.d.), <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/socdev\/documents\/youth\/fact-sheets\/youth-definition.pdf.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fethi Mansouri, \u201cYouth and Political Engagement in Post-Revolution Tunisia,\u201d <em>British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies<\/em>, May 15, 2020, 1\u201317, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13530194.2020.1765142.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cArab Barometer Wave V,\u201d Dataset, 2019, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.arabbarometer.org\/surveys\/arab-barometer-wave-v\/.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 1 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 7 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Desrues, Thierry, and Ana Velasco Arranz. \u201cAssociations and Young People during the Tunisian Transition: Pluralism, Socialisation, and Democratic Legitimation?\u201d <em>The Journal of North African Studies<\/em> 26, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 251\u201371. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13629387.2019.1665286\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13629387.2019.1665286<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Author\u2019s interview<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ronald F. Inglehart, \u201cThe Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies\u201d <em>American Political Science Review<\/em> 65, no. 4 (December 1971): 991\u20131017. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1953494\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1953494<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cIndicateurs de l\u2019emploi et Du Ch\u00f4mage, Troisi\u00e8me Trimestre 2021,\u201d (Tunis: Institut National des Statistiques, November 2021). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ins.tn\/publication\/indicateurs-de-lemploi-et-du-chomage-troisieme-trimestre-2021\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.ins.tn\/publication\/indicateurs-de-lemploi-et-du-chomage-troisieme-trimestre-2021<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201cIndicateurs de l\u2019emploi et Du Ch\u00f4mage, Troisi\u00e8me Trimestre 2021.&#8221;<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Maro Youssef, \u201cUnlikely Feminist Coalitions: Islamist and Secularist Women\u2019s Organizing in Tunisia,\u201d <em>Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State &amp; Society<\/em>, October 11, 2021, jxab020, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sp\/jxab020.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Youssef, \u201cUnlikely Feminist Coalitions.\u201d<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tobich, Fa\u00efza. <em>Les Statuts Personnels Dans Les Pays Arabes\u202f: De l\u2019\u00e9clatement \u00e0 l\u2019harmonisation<\/em> (Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires d\u2019Aix-Marseille, 2015). <a href=\"http:\/\/books.openedition.org\/puam\/1005\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/books.openedition.org\/puam\/1005<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Salih Yasun, \u201cAttitudes on Family Law as an Electoral Cleavage: Survey Evidence from Tunisia,\u201d <em>Middle East Law and Governance<\/em> 12, no. 2 (August 29, 2020): 131\u201366, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/18763375-01202003.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21869_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21869_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21869_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Youssef, \u201cUnlikely Feminist Coalitions.\u201d<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_21869_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_21869_1').show(); 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