{"id":21631,"date":"2022-03-04T14:37:48","date_gmt":"2022-03-04T13:37:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=21631"},"modified":"2022-03-09T17:01:21","modified_gmt":"2022-03-09T16:01:21","slug":"%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%ae%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%ae%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629: \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 550 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 2,250 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nagi, H.M. 2021. Delineating and Calculating the Length of Yemen\u2019s Mainland Shoreline; International Journal of Alternative Fuels and Energy; Vol: 5(1): 1-9.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 83\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a 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Environmental Risk and Hazards; Printice-Hall, India; 412 pages.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631: \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646) \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 &#8220;\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631&#8221; 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FSO Safer Oil Spill Risk; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\/MediaCentre\/HotTopics\/Pages\/FSO-SAFER-oil-spill-risk.aspx.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 3.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u0641 \u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Joseph Hincks. 2021. A Rusting Oil Tanker off the Coast of Yemen is an Environmental Catastrophe Waiting to Happen. Can Anyone Prevent it?; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/time.com\/6048436\/fso-safer-yemen-oil-tanker-disaster\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 3.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nagi, H. M.; Khanbari, K. M. and Al-Sameh, A. 2012. Estimating Total Area of Mangrove Habitats in the Republic of Yemen Using Remote Sensing and GIS; Faculty of Science Bulletin, 24: 75-84.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nagi, H. M.; Al Khirbash, B. S.; Taher, M. A. and Al-Shwafi, N. A. 2021. Management of Populated Islands of Yemen (Case Study of Kamaran Island); Tehama Journal; 13: 1-16.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0641 \u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0641 \u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 45 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Medary. 2020. Safer Floating Oil Tanker, Path and Challenges; Medary Centre for Strategic Studies and Research.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0641 \u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631&#8221; \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">IMO, FSO Safer Oil Spill Risk (see footnote 3<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> )<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 &#8220;\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632&#8221; \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0Ahmed El Droubi. 2021.\u00a0 Yemen\u2019s FSO SAFER: it\u2019s not if, it\u2019s when, and the impact could be huge; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/<\/span> 48350\/yemen-fso-safer-oil-spill-red-sea\/<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Clark, R. B. 2001. Marine Pollution. 5th Edition; Oxford University Press Inc.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 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href=\"https:\/\/holmakhdar.org\/reports\/2474\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/holmakhdar.org\/reports\/2474\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0632\u060c 2020. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 (\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_13').tooltip({ tip: 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/holmakhdar.org\/reports\/3802\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> ,<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_21631_1('footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">BBC. 2020. Yemen: Decaying oil tanker in Red Sea threatens disaster; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53417464<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_21631_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. 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\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0639. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_21631_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_21631_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_21631_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_21631_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nagi, H.M. 2021. Delineating and Calculating the Length of Yemen\u2019s Mainland Shoreline; International Journal of Alternative Fuels and Energy; Vol: 5(1): 1-9.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Cutter, S.L. 1999. Environmental Risk and Hazards; Printice-Hall, India; 412 pages.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0IMO (International Maritime Organization). 2021. FSO Safer Oil Spill Risk; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imo.org\/en\/MediaCentre\/HotTopics\/Pages\/FSO-SAFER-oil-spill-risk.aspx.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Joseph Hincks. 2021. A Rusting Oil Tanker off the Coast of Yemen is an Environmental Catastrophe Waiting to Happen. Can Anyone Prevent it?; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/time.com\/6048436\/fso-safer-yemen-oil-tanker-disaster\/<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nagi, H. M.; Khanbari, K. M. and Al-Sameh, A. 2012. Estimating Total Area of Mangrove Habitats in the Republic of Yemen Using Remote Sensing and GIS; Faculty of Science Bulletin, 24: 75-84.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nagi, H. M.; Al Khirbash, B. S.; Taher, M. A. and Al-Shwafi, N. A. 2021. Management of Populated Islands of Yemen (Case Study of Kamaran Island); Tehama Journal; 13: 1-16.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Medary. 2020. Safer Floating Oil Tanker, Path and Challenges; Medary Centre for Strategic Studies and Research.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">IMO, FSO Safer Oil Spill Risk (see footnote 3<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Ahmed El Droubi. 2021.\u00a0 Yemen\u2019s FSO SAFER: it\u2019s not if, it\u2019s when, and the impact could be huge; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/<\/span> 48350\/yemen-fso-safer-oil-spill-red-sea\/<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Clark, R. B. 2001. Marine Pollution. 5th Edition; Oxford University Press Inc.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635)\u060c 2020. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646: \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/holmakhdar.org\/reports\/2474\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/holmakhdar.org\/reports\/2474\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c 2014. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a (2010-2014)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0632\u060c 2020. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 (\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 (\u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649). \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c 2021. \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631: \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/holmakhdar.org\/reports\/3802\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/holmakhdar.org\/reports\/3802\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">BBC. 2020. Yemen: Decaying oil tanker in Red Sea threatens disaster; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53417464<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Medary, Safer Floating Oil Tanker (see footnote 7<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_21631_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_21631_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c 2020. \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0650\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_21631_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_21631_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_21631_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_21631_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_21631_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_21631_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_21631_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_21631_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_21631_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_21631_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_21631_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_21631_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_21631_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_21631_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":21635,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[247,16,294],"class_list":["post-21631","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-247","tag-16","tag-294"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/21631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/21631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21684,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/21631\/revisions\/21684"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}