{"id":20510,"date":"2021-11-09T15:10:55","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T14:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=20510"},"modified":"2022-11-09T15:45:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T14:45:34","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[i]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u00a0Dirani, Ahmad, Ghassan Slaiby, Nizar Hariri, and Michele Scala. &#8220;Le mouvement syndical libanais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve de l\u2019Intif\u00e3da du 17 octobre 2019.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Confluences Mediterranee<\/em>\u00a04 (2019): 135-147.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[ii]<\/a> . \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: &#8220;\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a)\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b)\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b)\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[iii]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Bou Khater, Lea, and Rima Majed. &#8220;Lebanon\u2019s 2019 October Revolution: Who Mobilized and Why.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Asfari institute for civil society and citizenship<\/em>\u00a0(2020), p.15. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/leb-oct-rev_-_v.1.3-digital.pdf\">http:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/leb-oct-rev_-_v.1.3-digital.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[iv]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Khater, Lea Bou. &#8220;Lebanon\u2019s October 2019 Revolution: Inquiry into Recomposing Labor\u2019s Power.&#8221;\u00a0<em>South Atlantic Quarterly<\/em>120, no. 2 (2021): 464-472.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[v]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Nadim El-Kak, Alternative Labor Unions in Lebanon: Comparative Reflections and Lessons, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, April 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lcps-lebanon.org\/featuredArticle.php?id=342\">https:\/\/www.lcps-lebanon.org\/featuredArticle.php?id=342<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[vi]<\/a> . \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b 55 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) in Lebanon 2018\u20132019, Lebanon&#8217;s Central Administration for Statistics (CAS) and the ILO, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/beirut\/publications\/WCMS_732567\/lang--en\/index.htm\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/beirut\/publications\/WCMS_732567\/lang&#8211;en\/index.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[vii]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Rima Majed, Understanding the October Uprisings in Iraq and Lebanon, Global Dialogue, Volume 10, Issue. 2, 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org\/category\/volume-10\/v10-i2\">https:\/\/globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org\/category\/volume-10\/v10-i2<\/a> \/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[viii]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Favier, Agn\u00e8s. &#8220;Logiques de l&#8217;engagement et modes de contestation au Liban: gen\u00e8se et \u00e9clatement d&#8217;une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de militants intellectuels (1958-1975).&#8221; PhD dissertation, Aix-Marseille 3, 2004.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[ix]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Couland, Jacques. &#8220;Mouvement syndical en situation coloniale: le cas du Liban.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Le Mouvement social<\/em>\u00a068 (1969): 57-76.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[x]<\/a>. \u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 1946 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 26\u060c 01\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[xi]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Nasr, Salim. &#8220;Backdrop to civil war: The crisis of Lebanese capitalism.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Merip Reports<\/em>\u00a073 (1978): 3-13.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[xii]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: D\u00f8lerud, Magnus. &#8220;The Antiwar Movement in Lebanon, 1975\u20131990.&#8221; In\u00a0<em>The Routledge History of World Peace Since 1750<\/em>, pp. 296-306. Routledge, 2018\u00a0; Achcar, Paul. \u00ab\u00a0Perspective d&#8217;une renaissance de l&#8217;espace public \u00e0 partir des mouvements de paix\u00bb, in Beyhum Nabil (dir.), Reconstuire Beyrouth, Les Paris sur Le possible, Lyon, Collection Etudes sur Le Monde Arabe, n=5, p.319-330.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[xiii]<\/a>. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: https:\/\/www.almayadeen.net\/files\/778331\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%87%D9%82%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[xiv]<\/a> Scala, Michele. &#8220;Client\u00e9lisme et contestation: l\u2019exemple de la mobilisation des travailleurs de Spinneys au Liban.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Confluences Mediterranee<\/em>\u00a01 (2015): 113-123.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a>\u00a0Kobaissy, Farah &#8220;Organising Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon.&#8221;\u00a0<em>International Union Rights<\/em>\u00a022, no. 4 (2015): [xv] 22-23.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[xvi]<\/a> Khater, L\u00e9a Bou. &#8220;Public sector mobilisation despite a dormant workers\u2019 movement.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Confluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/em>\u00a01 (2015): 125-142.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[xvii]<\/a> \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 26\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-17-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3\/\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-17-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[xviii]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 10 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 2020.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[xix]<\/a> . \u062d\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064d \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0623\u064b) \u062a\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[xx]<\/a> . \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 9 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 1948\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[xxi]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u060c 15 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[xxii]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 26 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[xxiii]<\/a> .&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644&#8221; \u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[xxiv]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[xxv]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[xxvi]<\/a> . \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a 7 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2017\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[xxvii]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 26 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[xxviii]<\/a>. \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636&#8221;: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c 23\u060c 7\u060c 2021. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\/\">https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[xxix]<\/a> . \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636\u00bb \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c 17\u060c 07\u060c 2021. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8\/\">https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[xxx]<\/a> . \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0643\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635. 60-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf\">https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[xxxi]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[xxxii]<\/a>. \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c 14\u060c 14\u060c 07\u060c 2021<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%89-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA\">https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%89-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA<\/a> \/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[xxxiii]<\/a> . \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646&#8221;: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c 23\u060c 02\u060c 2017\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.almodon.com\/politics\/2017\/2\/23\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9\">https:\/\/www.almodon.com\/politics\/2017\/2\/23\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[xxxiv]<\/a> . \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u062a\u0647 (\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064a). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[xxxv]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[xxxvi]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[xxxvii]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[xxxviii]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[xxxix]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[xl]<\/a> . \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0643\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635. 60-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf\">https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[xli]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 26 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[xlii]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0643\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635. 60-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf\">https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[xliii]<\/a>. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 26 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[xliv]<\/a> . \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0643\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635. 60-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf\">https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[xlv]<\/a> . \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0643\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635. 60-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf\">https:\/\/www.activearabvoices.org\/uploads\/8\/0\/8\/4\/80849840\/policy_papers_ar_-_v.3.4-digital.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[xlvi]<\/a> . \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c 14\u060c 14\u060c 07\u060c 2021<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%89-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA\">https:\/\/megaphone.news\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%89-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA<\/a> \/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[xlvii]<\/a> . \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 11\u060c 07\u060c 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.annahar.com\/arabic\/section\/140-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A\/11072021125319411\">https:\/\/www.annahar.com\/arabic\/section\/140-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A\/11072021125319411<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[xlviii]<\/a> . \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a&#8221; \u2013 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 17\u060c 07\u060c 2016 <a href=\"https:\/\/legal-agenda.com\/%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%87\/\">https:\/\/legal-agenda.com\/%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%87\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[xlix]<\/a>. \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636&#8221; \u2013\u00a0 DRI Lebanon \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mQLVjCFdXZ8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mQLVjCFdXZ8<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[l]<\/a> . \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c IEA<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[li]<\/a> . \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0632\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[lii]<\/a> . \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u060c &#8220;&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c 25\u060c 06\u060c 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.almodon.com\/politics\/2021\/6\/25\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6-%D9%88-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86\">https:\/\/www.almodon.com\/politics\/2021\/6\/25\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6-%D9%88-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[liii]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 2020.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\"><\/a>\u00a0[liv] . \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[lv]<\/a> . \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629:\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[lvi]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 2020<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[lvii]<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IndependentProfessors\/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZVUUl3J3pyyjCjWnhOLjlBgVrDTx8iug1_a1byceRMiV8peyeN4MZr1B_EFL_zFAKG4yex13SgraizxWs0rAcpq6gAC1IWgiSbVwFGYDlqZolgXRbVeUXQPYTVWeSYwcWxme97pcrLthi-CPEe0QlKl&amp;__tn__=-UC%2CP-R\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c 23 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[lviii]<\/a> . 23 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[lix]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[lx]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 16\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[lxi]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 16\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[lxii]<\/a> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 20 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[lxiii]<\/a> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[lxiv]<\/a> . \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[lxv]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[lxvi]<\/a> . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c 16\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[lxvii]<\/a> . \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 100 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 300 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[84,251],"class_list":["post-20510","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry","category-12","tag-84","tag-251"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23976,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20510\/revisions\/23976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}