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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[i]<\/a> \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 28 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.algerieinfo.com\/\">http:\/\/www.algerieinfo.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[ii]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: <a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/en\/node\/4002\">https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/en\/node\/4002<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[iii]<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627-1995- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 .\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 .\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[iv]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[v]<\/a> \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629 1\u060c 2012. <a href=\"https:\/\/bu.umc.edu.dz\/theses\/droit\/AZEA3945.pdf\">https:\/\/bu.umc.edu.dz\/theses\/droit\/AZEA3945.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[vi]<\/a> \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[vii]<\/a> \u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/insaniyat\/15041\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/insaniyat\/15041<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[viii]<\/a> \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a1967-69 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a 1970-74 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1974-77\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u00a0\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 (1967-2014<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong>Amir Hani,<strong> Lecture dans les plans de d\u00e9veloppement en Alg\u00e9rie (1967-2014)<\/strong> <strong>Reading in D\u00e9veloppent Plans in Algeria (1967-2014)<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/dspace.univ-msila.dz:8080\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\">http:\/\/dspace.univ-msila.dz:8080\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[ix]<\/a> Nacer Djabi, <em>Kaidi Lakhdar, une histoire du syndicalisme alg\u00e9rien<\/em>, \u00e9ditions chihab Alger, 2005.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[x]<\/a> \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 syndicat islamique du travail \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630. \u0643\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1992.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[xi]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[xii]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 1990\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Koriche nasr-eddine, \u00ab\u00a0Justice et r\u00e8glement des conflits de travail\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/anneemaghreb\/351?lang=en\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/anneemaghreb\/351?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[xiii]<\/a> \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[xiv]<\/a> \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 &#8211; \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[xv]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 8 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2009: https:\/\/www.echoroukonline.com%<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[xvi]<\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 9-11 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021. \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 2 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar\">https:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[xvii]<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1994-97 \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 2012. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 2014-2019 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[xix]<\/a> \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c <\/strong>2008.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[xx]<\/a> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f 2012 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062c\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a 2020. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[xxi]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[xxii]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 &#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[xxiii]<\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 114 \u0648155 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 2021 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a 14 \u064821 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[xxiv]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 6 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 -\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 2021: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elbilad.net\/Article\/\">https:\/\/www.elbilad.net\/Article\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[xxv]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HmsDz\/posts\/976496609100288\/\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HmsDz\/posts\/976496609100288\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[xxvi]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a 10 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2014: <a href=\"https:\/\/hoggar.org\/2014\/06\/01\/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84\/\">https:\/\/hoggar.org\/2014\/06\/01<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[xxvii]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[xxviii]<\/a> \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 -\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 &#8211; \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 15 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 33 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[xxix]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2018\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062817 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ennaharonline.com\">https:\/\/www.ennaharonline.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[xxx]<\/a> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 cnapeste \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a 6 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2003 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 100 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a.. \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f25 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[xxxi]<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 26 \u0645\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[xxxii]<\/a> Harc\u00e8ne Merani, \u00ab\u00a0Les cadres des entreprises publiques en Alg\u00e9rie. Des privil\u00e8ges au d\u00e9classement\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<em>Revue des mondes musulmans et de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/em>\u00a0[En ligne], janvier 2005, 105-106. <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/remmm\/2729\">http:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/remmm\/2729<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[xxxiii]<\/a> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 2017-2021. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639 .\u0645 .\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 . \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[xxxiv]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: <a href=\"https:\/\/platform.almanhal.com\/Files\/2\/50506\">https:\/\/platform.almanhal.com\/Files\/2\/50506<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[xxxv]<\/a> \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064023 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2021\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 : <a href=\"https:\/\/ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com\/\">https:\/\/ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[xxxvi]<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[xxxvii]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 1998 <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/insaniyat\/8888\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/insaniyat\/8888<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[xxxviii]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062a .\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.univ-oran2.dz\/images\/these_memoires\/FSS\/Magister\/TMSS-39\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9%20PDF.pdf\">http:\/\/www.univ-oran2.dz\/images\/these_memoires\/FSS\/Magister\/TMSS-39\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9%20PDF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[xxxix]<\/a> \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[xl]<\/a> \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f 1988. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 2\u060c 2021 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[xli]<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00a0Boualem bourouiba, \u00ab\u00a0Le mouvement syndical alg\u00e9rien face aux luttes pour le pouvoir -1962-63\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Naqd<\/em>, No. 4, 1993.\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u00a0Bourouiba boualem, <em>L\u2019 u.g.t.a dans les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance 62-65<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[xlii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 5 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 .\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[xliii]<\/a> \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c <\/strong>2008.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[xliv]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a 12 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[xlv]<\/a> \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[xlvi]<\/a> \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[xlvii]<\/a> \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 287 .828 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 23 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 98 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 208 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 65 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 58 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 190 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648153.987 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064048 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0640106 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u064039 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 23 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 23 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joradp.dz\/FTP\/jo-part123\/A2021051.pdf\">https:\/\/www.joradp.dz\/FTP\/jo-part123\/A2021051.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[xlviii]<\/a> \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639. \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[xlix]<\/a> Hafida Ameyar, (direction), l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie dans la pand\u00e9mie du coronavirus. Crises, Hirak et D\u00e9cantations, \u00e9ditions les Amis de Abdelhamid Benzine, 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[64,251],"class_list":["post-20505","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry","category-12","tag-algeria-ar","tag-251"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20505\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23977,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20505\/revisions\/23977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}