{"id":20496,"date":"2021-11-09T15:10:51","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T14:10:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&p=20496"},"modified":"2022-11-09T15:46:57","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T14:46:57","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-2004-2015-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-2004-2015-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 2004-2015: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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[i]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/39eKQSI<\/a><\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3nTxQ97<\/a><\/p>\n

[iii]<\/a> \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/2HYu9iJ<\/a><\/p>\n

[iv]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 28 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2012\u060c https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2012\/06\/28\/ar-pub-48864<\/a><\/p>\n

[v]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[vi]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[vii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[viii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[ix]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[x]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[xi]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[xii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[xiii]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. 20 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016\u060c https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/64636<\/a><\/p>\n

[xiv]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[xv]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[xvi]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. 20 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016\u060c https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/64636<\/a><\/p>\n

[xvii]<\/a> \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 12 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2014\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3oLPPzD<\/a><\/p>\n

[xviii]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 28 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2012\u060c https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2012\/06\/28\/ar-pub-48864<\/a><\/p>\n

[xix]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[xx]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[xxi]<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c 30 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/2W3l38u<\/a>\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:\u00a0 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c 1 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2014\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/372cDEz<\/a><\/p>\n

[xxii]<\/a> \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

[xxiii]<\/a> \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/2HYu9iJ<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[68,251],"class_list":["post-20496","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry","category-12","tag-68","tag-251"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23978,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/20496\/revisions\/23978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}