{"id":19790,"date":"2021-08-26T16:43:58","date_gmt":"2021-08-26T14:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=19790"},"modified":"2021-08-26T16:46:55","modified_gmt":"2021-08-26T14:46:55","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b2%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b2%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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Anne Mcdougal, \u201cLiving the Legacy of Slavery.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/etudesafricaines\/15068\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/etudesafricaines\/15068<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19790_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0638\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_19790_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_19790_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19790_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19790_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_19790_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_19790_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19790_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19790_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642&#8221; 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Anne Mcdougal, \u201cLiving the Legacy of Slavery.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/etudesafricaines\/15068<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19790_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627 &#8211; \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u062f 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\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_19790_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_19790_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_19790_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_19790_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0 Zekeria Ould Ahmed Salem, \u201cThe Politics of the Haratin Social Movement in Mauritania,\u201d in Osama Abi Mershed editor, Social Currents in North Africa (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">E. Anne Mcdougal, \u201cLiving the Legacy of Slavery.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/etudesafricaines\/15068\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/etudesafricaines\/15068<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">McDougall, Brhane &amp; Ruf 2003: 76-78<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">E. Anne Mcdougal, \u201cLiving the Legacy of Slavery.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/etudesafricaines\/15068<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19790_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19790_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19790_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_19790_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_19790_1').show(); 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