{"id":19248,"date":"2021-07-26T11:21:21","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T09:21:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=19248"},"modified":"2021-07-26T15:23:44","modified_gmt":"2021-07-26T13:23:44","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sassoon, J. (2009) <em>The Iraqi Refugees: The New Crisis in the Middle East<\/em>. London; New York: I.B. Tauris, available at <a href=\"http:\/\/site.ebrary.com\/id\/10456930\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/site.ebrary.com\/id\/10456930<\/span><\/a> (Sassoon, 2009).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627- \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See Al-Rasheed, M. (1992) Political Migration and Downward Socio-Economic Mobility: The Iraqi Community in London 1. <em>Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies<\/em>, 18(4), 537\u2013549, available at <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/1369183X.1992.9976328\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/1369183X.1992.9976328<\/span><\/a> (Al-Rasheed, 1992); Batatu, H. (2004) <em>The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq\u2019s Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of its Communists, Ba\u02bbthists, and Free Officers<\/em>. London: Saqi Books (Batatu, 2004); Farouk-Sluglett, M. &amp; Sluglett, P. (2001) <em>Iraq since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship<\/em>. Rev. ed. London; New York: I.B. Tauris (Farouk-Sluglett and Sluglett, 2001); Morad, T. et al. (eds.) (2008) <em>Iraq\u2019s Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon<\/em>. Palgrave Studies in Oral History. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (Morad et. al., 2008).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kadhum, O. (2017) <em>Diasporic Interventions: State-Building in Iraq following the 2003 Iraq War<\/em>. Coventry: Warwick University (Kadhum, 2017).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2003<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a 2003\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 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(2020) Unpacking the Role of Religion in Political Transnationalism: The Case of the Iraqi Shi\u2019a Diaspora Post 2003. International Affairs (Kadhum, 2020).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a 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\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kadhum, O. (2019b) \u201cWhere Politics and Temporality Meet: Change in Shi\u2019a Political Transnationalism over Time, Identity and the Iraqi State.\u201d in <em>Conference paper<\/em>. 4 May 2019, University of Chicago.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kadhum, O. (2018) Ethno-Sectarianism in Iraq, Diaspora Positionality and Political Transnationalism. <em>Global Networks<\/em>, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/glob.12222\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/glob.12222<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_19248_1('footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kadhum, O. (2019a) Assessing Co-Development Projects for Civil Society Building in Iraq: The Case of the Iraqi Diaspora and Swedish Institutions Following the 2003 Intervention in Iraq. <em>British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies<\/em>, 46(2), p. 222-241, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13530194.2019.1569302\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13530194.2019.1569302<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0649 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(2009) Engaging Diasporas in Truth Commissions: Lessons from the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission Diaspora Project. <em>International Journal of Transitional Justice<\/em>, 3(3), p.341\u2013361, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijtj\/article\/3\/3\/341\/2888399\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijtj\/article\/3\/3\/341\/2888399<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_19248_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> )\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 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\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064e \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0650\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064a\u064f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>and Safina Projects <a href=\"https:\/\/www.safinaprojects.org\/\">https:\/\/www.safinaprojects.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_19248_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_19248_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_19248_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_19248_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sassoon, J. (2009) <em>The Iraqi Refugees: The New Crisis in the Middle East<\/em>. London; New York: I.B. Tauris, available at <a href=\"http:\/\/site.ebrary.com\/id\/10456930\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/site.ebrary.com\/id\/10456930<\/span><\/a> (Sassoon, 2009).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See Al-Rasheed, M. (1992) Political Migration and Downward Socio-Economic Mobility: The Iraqi Community in London 1. <em>Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies<\/em>, 18(4), 537\u2013549, available at <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/1369183X.1992.9976328\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/1369183X.1992.9976328<\/span><\/a> (Al-Rasheed, 1992); Batatu, H. (2004) <em>The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq\u2019s Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of its Communists, Ba\u02bbthists, and Free Officers<\/em>. London: Saqi Books (Batatu, 2004); Farouk-Sluglett, M. &amp; Sluglett, P. (2001) <em>Iraq since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship<\/em>. Rev. ed. London; New York: I.B. Tauris (Farouk-Sluglett and Sluglett, 2001); Morad, T. et al. (eds.) (2008) <em>Iraq\u2019s Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon<\/em>. Palgrave Studies in Oral History. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (Morad et. al., 2008).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al-Rasheed, 1992.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 (2005) \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c 2005).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al-Rasheed, 1992, p.539.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c 2005.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 (2007) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Great Britain &amp; Department for Communities and Local Government (2009) <em>The Iraqi Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities<\/em>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 (2009) \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c 2009).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kadhum, O. (2017) <em>Diasporic Interventions: State-Building in Iraq following the 2003 Iraq War<\/em>. Coventry: Warwick University (Kadhum, 2017).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kadhum, O. (2020) Unpacking the Role of Religion in Political Transnationalism: The Case of the Iraqi Shi\u2019a Diaspora Post 2003. International Affairs (Kadhum, 2020).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Author interview with Mental Health Professional in London, October 2019.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Kadhum, 2017.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See work by Nahrein Network <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/nahrein\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/nahrein\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kadhum, 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kadhum, O. (2019b) \u201cWhere Politics and Temporality Meet: Change in Shi\u2019a Political Transnationalism over Time, Identity and the Iraqi State.\u201d in <em>Conference paper<\/em>. 4 May 2019, University of Chicago.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kadhum, O. (2018) Ethno-Sectarianism in Iraq, Diaspora Positionality and Political Transnationalism. <em>Global Networks<\/em>, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/glob.12222\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/glob.12222<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kadhum, O. (2019a) Assessing Co-Development Projects for Civil Society Building in Iraq: The Case of the Iraqi Diaspora and Swedish Institutions Following the 2003 Intervention in Iraq. <em>British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies<\/em>, 46(2), p. 222-241, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13530194.2019.1569302\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13530194.2019.1569302<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_19248_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_19248_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Young, L. A. &amp; Park, R. (2009) Engaging Diasporas in Truth Commissions: Lessons from the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission Diaspora Project. <em>International Journal of Transitional Justice<\/em>, 3(3), p.341\u2013361, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijtj\/article\/3\/3\/341\/2888399\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijtj\/article\/3\/3\/341\/2888399<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_19248_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_19248_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_19248_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_19248_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_19248_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_19248_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_19248_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_19248_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_19248_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_19248_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_19248_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_19248_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_19248_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_19248_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":19243,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[88,426,182],"class_list":["post-19248","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12","tag-88","tag-426","tag-182"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/19248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/19248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19371,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/19248\/revisions\/19371"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}