{"id":16918,"date":"2021-02-09T15:33:19","date_gmt":"2021-02-09T14:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=16918"},"modified":"2026-01-06T14:17:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T13:17:41","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%8f%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b7","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%b9%d9%8f%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>* \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/research\/regions\/middle-east-and-north-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u064f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0650\u062f\u0651\u0627\u060c \u00ab\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061f\u00bb \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643\u060c 25 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/2017\/02\/10\/oman-sultan-qaboos-terrorism-isis-al-qaeda-548682.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/2017\/02\/10\/oman-sultan-qaboos-terrorism-isis-al-qaeda-548682.html<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2016).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u00bb \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a 14 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/ \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mepc.org\/oman-forgotten-corner-arab-spring\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mepc.org\/oman-forgotten-corner-arab-spring<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2015).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 126\u060c 1974). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0636 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 13 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0650\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2018 \u06482019. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 2018 \u06482019\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0650\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0650\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 (\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629).<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0633\u064f\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0646\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 &#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 (1970-2020) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: 252.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 86 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 (\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 99\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 58\u060c 2011.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 83 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a 1997\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 17\u060c 1997.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 99\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 58\u060c 2011\u061b \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a 27 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/mideast\/RS21534.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/mideast\/RS21534.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u00bb. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/omanportal.gov.om\/wps\/portal\/index\/gov\/omangov\/BasicLawofState\/!ut\/p\/a1\/hc_BjoIwEAbgp-EoM22RLd4wBBUXG4Mi9mLA1EqC1CAr8e2XNV7M6u7c_sn3JzMgIQNZ59dS521p6rz6ydLdiSVxyVTgXCzWBP0prpZiHNLEc3qw7QG-GR__629APhPOFz0hdOzELKU8dh-A4QRReLPYSVKCNAqDIU8-6ET8AvNV7CNlaRh5ny4LAucB_jgyAqkrU9wf3vp1wbgG2aiDalRjfzX9-ti258vIQgu7rrO1MbpS9t6cLHxVOZpLC9mzhETVcD5lWM4Gsrix7hsKLv5W\/dl5\/d5\/L0lKQSEvUUt3TS80RUkhL2Vu\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/omanportal.gov.om\/wps\/portal\/index\/gov\/omangov\/BasicLawofState\/!ut\/p\/a1\/hc_BjoIwEAbgp-EoM22RLd4wBBUXG4Mi9mLA1EqC1CAr8e2XNV7M6u7c_sn3JzMgIQNZ59dS521p6rz6ydLdiSVxyVTgXCzWBP0prpZiHNLEc3qw7QG-GR__629APhPOFz0hdOzELKU8dh-A4QRReLPYSVKCNAqDIU8-6ET8AvNV7CNlaRh5ny4LAucB_jgyAqkrU9wf3vp1wbgG2aiDalRjfzX9-ti258vIQgu7rrO1MbpS9t6cLHxVOZpLC9mzhETVcD5lWM4Gsrix7hsKLv5W\/dl5\/d5\/L0lKQSEvUUt3TS80RUkhL2Vu\/<\/span><\/a>. \u00a0<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0632\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 1 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep12644?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep12644?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u064e\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0631. \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0623. \u0643\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 2001)\u060c 193-213.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/ochroman.org\/eng\/2020\/04\/press-freedom\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ochroman.org\/eng\/2020\/04\/press-freedom\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 (\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 2009).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064f\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a 2011 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u06482018 \u06482019 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 (\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649). \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 26 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637)\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064e \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 50 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 390 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u061b \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 100% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 26\u066a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0651\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 16 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011 \u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2011\/12\/16\/arab-monarchies-chance-for-reform-yet-unmet-pub-46243\u061b\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2011\/12\/16\/arab-monarchies-chance-for-reform-yet-unmet-pub-46243\u061b<\/span><\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u00bb \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Journal of Arabian Studies 4\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 (2014).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0651\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c 27 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-12590588\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-12590588<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a 1 \u064828 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \/ \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2011\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 2011\u00bb \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2012\/country-chapters\/oman\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2012\/country-chapters\/oman<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 2011\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 95\u060c 2011. 1<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064e\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2011\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2012 \u06482013 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c 29 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/report\/view\/20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/report\/view\/20<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2018 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2017 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a 2011. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2015-2016. \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632\u060c Order from Chaos \u060c 15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2020\/01\/15\/as-oman-enters-a-new-era-economic-and-political-challenges-persist\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2020\/01\/15\/as-oman-enters-a-new-era-economic-and-political-challenges-persist\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064e\u064a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.\u00a0 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0650\u0639\u0631\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2018\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2019.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/content\/en\/downloads\/reports\/country_report_2018_OMN.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/content\/en\/downloads\/reports\/country_report_2018_OMN.pdf<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c\u00bb \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u060c 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2091\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1431146\/business-economy\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1431146\/business-economy<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0650\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062c\u064f\u0648 \u062c\u0650\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c\u00bb \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0622\u064a The Middle East Eye\u060c 29 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/oman-jobs-protest-spreads-other-cities-arrests-reported\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/oman-jobs-protest-spreads-other-cities-arrests-reported<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 30 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/MDE2020272020ENGLISH.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/MDE2020272020ENGLISH.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2019\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0650\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdhr.org\/?p=1027\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecdhr.org\/\u061fp=1027<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2011<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u00a0 57% (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 76% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c 2020 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/en\/reports\/country-report-OMN-2020.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/en\/reports\/country-report-OMN-2020.html<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 12 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2011\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/uk-oman-elections\/analysis-oman-vote-masks-deeper-malaise-as-reforms-stutter-idUKTRE79B3WG20111012\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/uk-oman-elections\/analysis-oman-vote-masks-deeper-malaise-as-reforms-stutter-idUKTRE79B3WG20111012<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 Times of Oman\u060c \u00ab\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061f\u00bb\u00a0 15 \u0622\u0628\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2015\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opemam.org\/node\/7220\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.opemam.org\/node\/7220<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a 2011\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2011 \u06482012 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0652\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a). \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2018 \u06482019\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629\u064e \u0623\u0645\u0644\u064d \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u0637\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011. \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0647. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16918_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u00bb\u060c 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2021\/01\/13\/one-year-into-his-reign-omans-sultan-must-renegotiate-the-social-contract-and-prioritize-diversification\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2021\/01\/13\/one-year-into-his-reign-omans-sultan-must-renegotiate-the-social-contract-and-<\/span> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \/<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16918_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_16918_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_16918_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_16918_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_16918_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0650\u062f\u0651\u0627\u060c \u00ab\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061f\u00bb \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643\u060c 25 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/2017\/02\/10\/oman-sultan-qaboos-terrorism-isis-al-qaeda-548682.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/2017\/02\/10\/oman-sultan-qaboos-terrorism-isis-al-qaeda-548682.html<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2016).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u00bb \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a 14 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/ \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mepc.org\/oman-forgotten-corner-arab-spring\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mepc.org\/oman-forgotten-corner-arab-spring<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2015).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 126\u060c 1974). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0636 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 13 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: 252.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 99\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 58\u060c 2011.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a 1997\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 17\u060c 1997.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 99\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 58\u060c 2011\u061b \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a 27 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/mideast\/RS21534.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/mideast\/RS21534.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u00bb. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/omanportal.gov.om\/wps\/portal\/index\/gov\/omangov\/BasicLawofState\/!ut\/p\/a1\/hc_BjoIwEAbgp-EoM22RLd4wBBUXG4Mi9mLA1EqC1CAr8e2XNV7M6u7c_sn3JzMgIQNZ59dS521p6rz6ydLdiSVxyVTgXCzWBP0prpZiHNLEc3qw7QG-GR__629APhPOFz0hdOzELKU8dh-A4QRReLPYSVKCNAqDIU8-6ET8AvNV7CNlaRh5ny4LAucB_jgyAqkrU9wf3vp1wbgG2aiDalRjfzX9-ti258vIQgu7rrO1MbpS9t6cLHxVOZpLC9mzhETVcD5lWM4Gsrix7hsKLv5W\/dl5\/d5\/L0lKQSEvUUt3TS80RUkhL2Vu\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/omanportal.gov.om\/wps\/portal\/index\/gov\/omangov\/BasicLawofState\/!ut\/p\/a1\/hc_BjoIwEAbgp-EoM22RLd4wBBUXG4Mi9mLA1EqC1CAr8e2XNV7M6u7c_sn3JzMgIQNZ59dS521p6rz6ydLdiSVxyVTgXCzWBP0prpZiHNLEc3qw7QG-GR__629APhPOFz0hdOzELKU8dh-A4QRReLPYSVKCNAqDIU8-6ET8AvNV7CNlaRh5ny4LAucB_jgyAqkrU9wf3vp1wbgG2aiDalRjfzX9-ti258vIQgu7rrO1MbpS9t6cLHxVOZpLC9mzhETVcD5lWM4Gsrix7hsKLv5W\/dl5\/d5\/L0lKQSEvUUt3TS80RUkhL2Vu\/<\/span><\/a>. \u00a0<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0632\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 1 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep12644?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep12644?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0631. \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0623. \u0643\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 2001)\u060c 193-213.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/ochroman.org\/eng\/2020\/04\/press-freedom\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ochroman.org\/eng\/2020\/04\/press-freedom\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633 (\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 2009).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0651\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 16 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011 \u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2011\/12\/16\/arab-monarchies-chance-for-reform-yet-unmet-pub-46243\u061b\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2011\/12\/16\/arab-monarchies-chance-for-reform-yet-unmet-pub-46243\u061b<\/span><\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u00bb \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Journal of Arabian Studies 4\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 (2014).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c 27 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-12590588\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-12590588<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 2011\u00bb \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2012\/country-chapters\/oman\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2012\/country-chapters\/oman<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 2011\u00bb.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 95\u060c 2011. 1<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c 29 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/report\/view\/20\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/report\/view\/20<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632\u060c Order from Chaos \u060c 15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2020\/01\/15\/as-oman-enters-a-new-era-economic-and-political-challenges-persist\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2020\/01\/15\/as-oman-enters-a-new-era-economic-and-political-challenges-persist\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/content\/en\/downloads\/reports\/country_report_2018_OMN.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/content\/en\/downloads\/reports\/country_report_2018_OMN.pdf<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c\u00bb \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u060c 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2091\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1431146\/business-economy\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1431146\/business-economy<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u064f\u0648 \u062c\u0650\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c\u00bb \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0622\u064a The Middle East Eye\u060c 29 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/oman-jobs-protest-spreads-other-cities-arrests-reported\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/oman-jobs-protest-spreads-other-cities-arrests-reported<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/MDE2020272020ENGLISH.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/MDE2020272020ENGLISH.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdhr.org\/?p=1027\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecdhr.org\/\u061fp=1027<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c 2020 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/en\/reports\/country-report-OMN-2020.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bti-project.org\/en\/reports\/country-report-OMN-2020.html<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 12 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2011\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/uk-oman-elections\/analysis-oman-vote-masks-deeper-malaise-as-reforms-stutter-idUKTRE79B3WG20111012\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/uk-oman-elections\/analysis-oman-vote-masks-deeper-malaise-as-reforms-stutter-idUKTRE79B3WG20111012<\/span><\/a>\u061b \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 Times of Oman\u060c \u00ab\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061f\u00bb\u00a0 15 \u0622\u0628\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2015\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opemam.org\/node\/7220\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.opemam.org\/node\/7220<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16918_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16918_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u00bb\u060c 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2021\/01\/13\/one-year-into-his-reign-omans-sultan-must-renegotiate-the-social-contract-and-prioritize-diversification\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2021\/01\/13\/one-year-into-his-reign-omans-sultan-must-renegotiate-the-social-contract-and-<\/span> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \/<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_16918_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_16918_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_16918_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_16918_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_16918_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_16918_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_16918_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_16918_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_16918_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_16918_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_16918_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_16918_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_16918_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_16918_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":16923,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[167,245,214],"class_list":["post-16918","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-167","tag-245","tag-_"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/16918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/16918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41198,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/16918\/revisions\/41198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}