{"id":16380,"date":"2018-08-23T15:55:54","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T13:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=16380"},"modified":"2021-01-08T17:27:45","modified_gmt":"2021-01-08T16:27:45","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-2011-2014-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-2011-2014-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 2011-2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 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Democratization in the late Twentieth Century<\/em>, Oklahoma University\u00a0 Press, 1991, (French version : <em>La troisi\u00e8me vague.<\/em> <em>Les d\u00e9mocratisations de la fin du XXe si\u00e8cle<\/em>, trad. F. 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16380_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16380_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u2014 Thomas Carothers, The End of the Transition Paradigm,\u00a0 in <em>Journal of Democracy<\/em>, vol.13, n\u00b01, 2002, pp. 5-21.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f). \u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u201d (electoral authoritarian regimes) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d (competitive authoritarianism)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16380_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16380_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">David Collier et Steven Levitsky, Democracy with adjectives : Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research, World Politics 49 (April 1997): 430-51<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 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predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u201d (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_16380_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_16380_1('footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.attounissia.com.tn\/details_article.php?t=42&amp;a=130407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attounissia.com.tn<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> . \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mosaiquefm.net\/fr\/index\/a\/ActuDetail\/Element\/25905-le-maghreb-la-cia-a-prevenu-le-mi-de-l-assassinat-de-brahmi-document-a-l-appui\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mosaiquefm.net<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_16380_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_16380_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_16380_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_16380_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_16380_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Guillermo &#8216;Odonnel et Philippe C. Schmitter, <em>Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Tentative conclusions<\/em><em> about Uncertain Democracies<\/em>. Baltimore &amp; London, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press, 1993, pp. 7-8\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Samuel Huntington, <em>The Third Wave. Democratization in the late Twentieth Century<\/em>, Oklahoma University\u00a0 Press, 1991, (French version : <em>La troisi\u00e8me vague.<\/em> <em>Les d\u00e9mocratisations de la fin du XXe si\u00e8cle<\/em>, trad. F. Burgess, Paris, Editions Nouveaux Horizons, 1991. p. 34.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Juan Linz &amp; Alfred Stepan, Toward consolidated democracies In <em>Journal of democracy<\/em>, Vol 7, n\u00b02, April 96, p.15.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Alfred Stepan, Tunisia\u2019s Transition and the twin tolerations, in <em>Journal of Democracy<\/em>, April 2012, vol. 23, n\u00b02, pp. 89-102.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Larry Diamond, A Fourth Wave of a False Start, in <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, May, 22, 2011.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u00a0 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6 \u06487 \u0648 8 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u062818\/02\/2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 35 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a &#8211; \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f 1089 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 3 \u0623\u0648\u062a 2011 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 15 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u201d 24\/11\/2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062f\u201d 2 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0648 1.7 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062f\u201d \u0641\u064a 6 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u064a) \u2014 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 ( \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a ( \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648) \u2014 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 ( \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrakmia.com\/41285\/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%91%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrakmia.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u201d\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u201c\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u201d \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u00a0 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 2\/3 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/tn.webradar.me\/portal\/50456138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tn.webradar.me<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u201c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u201d) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 25 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2013\u061b \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0637\u062f) \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 6 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alchourouk.com\/13809\/151\/1\/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2-%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B0-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alchourouk.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tunisien.tn\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3\/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tunisien.tn<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u2014 Thomas Carothers, The End of the Transition Paradigm,\u00a0 in <em>Journal of Democracy<\/em>, vol.13, n\u00b01, 2002, pp. 5-21.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">David Collier et Steven Levitsky, Democracy with adjectives : Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research, World Politics 49 (April 1997): 430-51<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">86 \u066a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c 19 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 24) \u060c 229 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (\u0645\u0646 324 ) \u060c \u062a\u0635\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 ( \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 8\/11\/2013).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.attounissia.com.tn\/details_article.php?t=42&amp;a=130407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attounissia.com.tn<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 ) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a ( \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a)\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0628\u064a ( \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a ) \u060c \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0631\u064a ( \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062b\u0644\u062c\u0629 ( \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0646\u00a0 ) \u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f) \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 ) \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c ( \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 ) \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a ( \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 )\u060c \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a MI) \u060c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 ) \u060c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0647\u064a \u060c \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a . \u2014 www.africanmanager.com\/153770.html\u200e 30 juil. 2013<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Tunis Center For Press Freedom, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ctlj.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ctlj.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 ( 4 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012 ) \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a (\u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2013) \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a. \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u201d 19 \u0648 20\/04\/2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mosaiquefm.net\/fr\/index\/a\/ActuDetail\/Element\/25905-le-maghreb-la-cia-a-prevenu-le-mi-de-l-assassinat-de-brahmi-document-a-l-appui\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mosaiquefm.net<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0The three types are presented by Max Weber, <em>Gesammelte Aufs\u00e4tze zur Wissenschaftslehr<\/em>e, T\u00fcbingen, 1973, pp. 475-488 and in French, Weber, <em>Economie et soci\u00e9t<\/em>\u00e9, Paris, Plon, vol. 2.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gnet.tn\/temps-fort\/tunisie-naissance-d-une-coalition-contre-poid-a-l-initiative-de-l-ugtt\/id-menu-325.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gnet.tn<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arabesque.tn\/ar\/tags\/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%84?page=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arabesque.tn<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 10 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u06483 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06486 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u06483 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.\u00a0 source Marsad.tn \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 5 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u06482 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0 source Marsad.tn<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a Marsad.tn<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u2014 2014 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0623\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 16 \u064817.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_16380_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_16380_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_16380_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Abraham Diskin \u00a0and al-, Why Democracies Collapse: The Reasons for Democratic Failure and Success , in <em>International Political Science Review <\/em>(2005), Vol 26, No. 3, 291\u2013309<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_16380_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_16380_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_16380_1').text('\u2212'); } function 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