{"id":14960,"date":"2020-11-10T08:28:35","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T07:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=14960"},"modified":"2020-11-10T11:16:29","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:16:29","slug":"%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%af-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%81-%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%af-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%81-%d9%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u064f\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u061b \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019. (United Nations database, POP\/DB\/MIG\/Stock\/Rev.2019).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 35 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064d \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u064f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Randeree, K. (2012): \u201cWorkforce nationalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council States, Occasional paper no. 9\u201d, Center for International and Regional Studies, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064d 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\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Khoja, T., Rawaf, S., Qidwai, W., et al. (August 21, 2017): \u201cHealth Care in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities\u201d. <em>Cureus<\/em> 9(8): e1586. DOI 10.7759\/cureus.158.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0650\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Longuenesse, Elisabeth (1985): \u201cLes migrants dans la structure sociale des pays du Golfe.\u201d In <em>Migrations et changements sociaux dans l\u2019Orient arabe<\/em>. Edited by Andr\u00e9 Bourgey. Beyrouth: CERMOC.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 31% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 72% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Roper, Steven D. and Lilian A. Barria (2014): \u201cUnderstanding variations in Gulf migration and labor practices\u201d. <em>Middle East Law and Governance<\/em>, 6: 32-52.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064f\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 -\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al-Monitor. (2020): \u201cGCC faces possible setback with exodus of skilled professionals\u201d, [article accessed 18 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/06\/gulf-state-gcc-exodus-saudi-arabia-wokers-uae-kuwait.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">al-monitor.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0650\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Randeree, K. (2009): \u201cStrategy, Policy and Practice in the Nationalisation of Human Capital: Project Emiratisation\u201d, <em>Research and Practice in Human Resource Management<\/em>, 17, 1, 71-91.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0650\u063a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0650\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 (\u0633\u064e\u0639\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 6.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Peck, J. (2017): \u201cCan hiring quotas work? The effect of the Nitaqat program on the Saudi private sector.\u201d <em>American Economic Journal: Economic Policy<\/em> 2017, 9(2), 316-347.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 2030&#8221;. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a&#8221; 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(2017) <a href=\"http:\/\/argaamplus.s3.amazonaws.com\/a2b0c86f-632c-4413-9ad0-7f502d3fc237.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argaamplus.s3.amazonaws.com<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Koyame-Marsh, Rita (2016): &#8220;Saudization and the Nitaqat Programs: Overview and Performance&#8221;, <em>Journal of Accounting, Finance and Economics<\/em> Vol. 6. No. 2. Pp. 36-48.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u064e\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 &#8220;\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 2020&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Zerovec, M. and Bontenbal, M. (2011): &#8220;Labor nationalization policies in Oman: Implications for Omani and Migrant women workers&#8221;. <em>Asian and Pacific Migration Journal<\/em> 20(3-4): 365-387.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 7% \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hertog, Steffen (2014): \u201cArab Gulf States: an Assessment of Nationalization Policies.\u201d Research Paper No. 1, Gulf Labour Market and Migration (GLMM) programme of the Migration Policy Center(MPC) and the Gulf Research Center (GRC), <a href=\"http:\/\/gulfmigration.eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gulfmigration.eu<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f 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(2020): &#8220;Low-skilled expat workers in Middle East worst hit as hiring drops 50% over coronavirus&#8221;, [article accessed 20 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1704501\/business-economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arabnews.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-07-28\/saudi-arabia-to-ban-foreigners-from-slew-of-hospitality-jobs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0642\u0635\u064e\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">AME Info. (2020): \u201cAre Gulf job nationalization efforts hurting local economies?\u201d, [article accessed 22 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameinfo.com\/industry\/life\/are-gulf-job-nationalization-efforts-hurting-local-economies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ameinfo.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 80 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 12% \u0625\u0644\u0649 10.5% \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School Evidence for Policy Design (2019), \u201cThe labor market in Saudi Arabia: background, areas of progress, and insights for the future\u201d, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters. (2020): \u201cSaudi Aramco cuts hundreds of jobs amid oil market downturn, sources say\u201d, [article accessed 18 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-aramco-jobs-idUSKBN23P2PN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reuters.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30%\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 60 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 920 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 520 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0651\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3.4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 4.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">DW News. (2020): \u201cKuwait&#8217;s looming expat bill could force huge numbers to leave?\u201d, [article accessed 23 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/kuwait-expat-bill-could-mean-thousands-leave\/a-54268903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dw.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/u.ae\/ar-ae\/information-and-services\/justice-safety-and-the-law\/handling-the-covid-19-outbreak\/supporting-the-labour-market-in-the-private-sector-in-times-of-covid19\/regulating-employer-employee-relationship-in-the-private-sector\">\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u064f\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064e\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Khaleej Times. (2020): \u201cCoronavirus: UAE issues decree to regulate private sector jobs, salaries?\u201d, [article accessed 25 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khaleejtimes.com\/coronavirus-outbreak\/coronavirus-uae-issues-decree-to-regulate-private-sector-jobs-salaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">khaleejtimes.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50%. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Business &amp; Human Rights Resource Centre. (2020): \u201cBahrain Petroleum redundancies after COVID-19 only to impact migrant workforce?\u201d, [article accessed 14 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/bahrain-petroleum-redundancies-after-covid-19-only-to-impact-migrant-workforce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">business-humanrights.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters. (2020): \u201cQatar to raise proportion of Qatari staff in State affiliated companies to 60%: QNA?\u201d, [article accessed 19 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-qatar-economy-idUSKBN2492WO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reuters.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 313 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064e\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 18 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 30 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651 (275 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. (2020): \u201d\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u201c\u060c [\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/beirut\/projects\/qatar-office\/WCMS_754392\/lang--ar\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ilo.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 2022\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062b\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 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\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al-Monitor. (2020): \u201cGulf migrant workers face crisis of unpaid wages amid pandemic&#8221;, [article accessed 18 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/08\/gulf-migrant-workers-wages-covid19-qatar-uae-india-nepal.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">al-monitor.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u064e \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The National. (2020): \u201cUAE weighs quotas on workers from countries refusing to accept their citizens\u201d, [article accessed 17 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/uae-weighs-quotas-on-workers-from-countries-refusing-to-accept-their-citizens-1.1004984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">thenationalnews.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0650\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 [\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c] \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">IMF Blog. (2020): \u201cSupporting Migrants and Remittances as COVID-19 Rages On\u201d, [blog accessed 17 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf.org\/2020\/09\/11\/supporting-migrants-and-remittances-as-covid-19-rages-on\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blogs.imf.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al-Monitor. (2020): \u201cGCC faces possible setback with exodus of skilled professionals\u201d, [article accessed 20 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/06\/gulf-state-gcc-exodus-saudi-arabia-wokers-uae-kuwait.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">al-monitor.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b] \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 4% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14960_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bloomberg. (2020): \u201cOxford Economics Sees Exodus of Expat Workers From Across Gulf\u201d, [article accessed 24 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-05-22\/oxford-economics-sees-exodus-of-expat-workers-from-across-gcc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bloomberg.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14960_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 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\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_14960_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_14960_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_14960_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_14960_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019. (United Nations database, POP\/DB\/MIG\/Stock\/Rev.2019).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Randeree, K. (2012): \u201cWorkforce nationalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council States, Occasional paper no. 9\u201d, Center for International and Regional Studies, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Khoja, T., Rawaf, S., Qidwai, W., et al. (August 21, 2017): \u201cHealth Care in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities\u201d. <em>Cureus<\/em> 9(8): e1586. DOI 10.7759\/cureus.158.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Longuenesse, Elisabeth (1985): \u201cLes migrants dans la structure sociale des pays du Golfe.\u201d In <em>Migrations et changements sociaux dans l\u2019Orient arabe<\/em>. Edited by Andr\u00e9 Bourgey. Beyrouth: CERMOC.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Roper, Steven D. and Lilian A. Barria (2014): \u201cUnderstanding variations in Gulf migration and labor practices\u201d. <em>Middle East Law and Governance<\/em>, 6: 32-52.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al-Monitor. (2020): \u201cGCC faces possible setback with exodus of skilled professionals\u201d, [article accessed 18 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/06\/gulf-state-gcc-exodus-saudi-arabia-wokers-uae-kuwait.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">al-monitor.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Randeree, K. (2009): \u201cStrategy, Policy and Practice in the Nationalisation of Human Capital: Project Emiratisation\u201d, <em>Research and Practice in Human Resource Management<\/em>, 17, 1, 71-91.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Peck, J. (2017): \u201cCan hiring quotas work? The effect of the Nitaqat program on the Saudi private sector.\u201d <em>American Economic Journal: Economic Policy<\/em> 2017, 9(2), 316-347.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a&#8221; (2017) <a href=\"http:\/\/argaamplus.s3.amazonaws.com\/a2b0c86f-632c-4413-9ad0-7f502d3fc237.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argaamplus.s3.amazonaws.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Koyame-Marsh, Rita (2016): &#8220;Saudization and the Nitaqat Programs: Overview and Performance&#8221;, <em>Journal of Accounting, Finance and Economics<\/em> Vol. 6. No. 2. Pp. 36-48.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zerovec, M. and Bontenbal, M. (2011): &#8220;Labor nationalization policies in Oman: Implications for Omani and Migrant women workers&#8221;. <em>Asian and Pacific Migration Journal<\/em> 20(3-4): 365-387.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hertog, Steffen (2014): \u201cArab Gulf States: an Assessment of Nationalization Policies.\u201d Research Paper No. 1, Gulf Labour Market and Migration (GLMM) programme of the Migration Policy Center(MPC) and the Gulf Research Center (GRC), <a href=\"http:\/\/gulfmigration.eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gulfmigration.eu<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Arab News. (2020): &#8220;Low-skilled expat workers in Middle East worst hit as hiring drops 50% over coronavirus&#8221;, [article accessed 20 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1704501\/business-economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arabnews.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">AME Info. (2020): \u201cAre Gulf job nationalization efforts hurting local economies?\u201d, [article accessed 22 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameinfo.com\/industry\/life\/are-gulf-job-nationalization-efforts-hurting-local-economies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ameinfo.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School Evidence for Policy Design (2019), \u201cThe labor market in Saudi Arabia: background, areas of progress, and insights for the future\u201d, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. (2020): \u201cSaudi Aramco cuts hundreds of jobs amid oil market downturn, sources say\u201d, [article accessed 18 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-aramco-jobs-idUSKBN23P2PN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reuters.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">DW News. 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(2020): \u201cCoronavirus: UAE issues decree to regulate private sector jobs, salaries?\u201d, [article accessed 25 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khaleejtimes.com\/coronavirus-outbreak\/coronavirus-uae-issues-decree-to-regulate-private-sector-jobs-salaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">khaleejtimes.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Business &amp; Human Rights Resource Centre. (2020): \u201cBahrain Petroleum redundancies after COVID-19 only to impact migrant workforce?\u201d, [article accessed 14 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/bahrain-petroleum-redundancies-after-covid-19-only-to-impact-migrant-workforce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">business-humanrights.org<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters. (2020): \u201cQatar to raise proportion of Qatari staff in State affiliated companies to 60%: QNA?\u201d, [article accessed 19 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-qatar-economy-idUSKBN2492WO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reuters.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. (2020): \u201d\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u201c\u060c [\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/beirut\/projects\/qatar-office\/WCMS_754392\/lang--ar\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ilo.org<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al-Monitor. (2020): \u201cGulf migrant workers face crisis of unpaid wages amid pandemic&#8221;, [article accessed 18 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/08\/gulf-migrant-workers-wages-covid19-qatar-uae-india-nepal.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">al-monitor.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The National. 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(2020): \u201cSupporting Migrants and Remittances as COVID-19 Rages On\u201d, [blog accessed 17 Oct 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf.org\/2020\/09\/11\/supporting-migrants-and-remittances-as-covid-19-rages-on\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blogs.imf.org<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al-Monitor. (2020): \u201cGCC faces possible setback with exodus of skilled professionals\u201d, [article accessed 20 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/06\/gulf-state-gcc-exodus-saudi-arabia-wokers-uae-kuwait.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">al-monitor.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14960_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14960_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bloomberg. (2020): \u201cOxford Economics Sees Exodus of Expat Workers From Across Gulf\u201d, [article accessed 24 Sept 2020] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-05-22\/oxford-economics-sees-exodus-of-expat-workers-from-across-gcc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bloomberg.com<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_14960_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_14960_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_14960_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_14960_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_14960_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_14960_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_14960_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_14960_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_14960_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_14960_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_14960_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_14960_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_14960_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_14960_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":14984,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[353,361,238,359],"class_list":["post-14960","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-353","tag-361","tag-238","tag-359"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/14960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/14960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14997,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/14960\/revisions\/14997"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}