{"id":14059,"date":"2020-09-16T15:04:56","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T13:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=14059"},"modified":"2020-09-25T11:53:41","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:53:41","slug":"%d9%82%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a3-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%82%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a3-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>The Daily Star<\/em>, 21 December 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/News\/Lebanon-News\/2019\/Dec-21\/497903-road-blocks-in-the-north-in-protest-against-diab.ashx\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/News\/Lebanon-News\/2019\/Dec-21\/497903-road-blocks-in-the-north-in-protest-against-diab.ashx<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Bank, <em>Beirut Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment<\/em>, (World Bank in cooperation with the European Union and the United Nations, August 2020), <a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/650091598854062180\/Beirut-Rapid-Damage-and-Needs-Assessment.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/650091598854062180\/Beirut-Rapid-Damage-and-Needs-Assessment.pdf<\/span><\/a>; <em>Reuters<\/em>, 30 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-crisis-blast-casualties-idUSKBN25Q08H\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-crisis-blast-casualties-idUSKBN25Q08H<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script 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id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">OCCRP, <em>A Hidden Tycoon, African Explosives, and a Loan from a Notorious Bank: Questionable Connections Surround Beirut Explosion Shipment<\/em>, 21 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/investigations\/a-hidden-tycoon-african-explosives-and-a-loan-from-a-notorious-bank-questionable-connections-surround-beirut-explosion-shipment\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/investigations\/a-hidden-tycoon-african-explosives-and-a-loan-from-a-notorious-bank-questionable-connections-surround-beirut-explosion-shipment<\/span><\/a>; <em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 31 August 2020, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30024-transport-et-stockage-de-matieres-dangereuses-que-dit-la-reglementation-internationale-\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30024-transport-et-stockage-de-matieres-dangereuses-que-dit-la-reglementation-internationale-<\/span><\/a>. <\/u>\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <em>Asia Times<\/em>, 28 August 2020.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0650\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0650\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 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\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645- \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0631\u0642\u0645 12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>The Washington Post<\/em>, 11 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/un-sending-wheat-flour-to-lebanon-to-stabilize-food-supply-destroyed-by-blasts\/2020\/08\/11\/7c550498-db24-11ea-b4f1-25b762cdbbf4_story.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/un-sending-wheat-flour-to-lebanon-to-stabilize-food-supply-destroyed-by-blasts\/2020\/08\/11\/7c550498-db24-11ea-b4f1-25b762cdbbf4_story.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0628\u0639 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 4 September 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30030-de-larrivee-du-rhosus-a-lexplosion-du-port-chronique-dune-catastrophe-annoncee\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30030-de-larrivee-du-rhosus-a-lexplosion-du-port-chronique-dune-catastrophe-annoncee<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0646\u0638\u0631 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-security-blast-warehouse\/initial-investigations-point-to-negligence-as-cause-of-beirut-blast-source-idUSKCN2511G7<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0630 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0652\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-security-blast-documents-excl\/exclusive-lebanons-leaders-were-warned-in-july-about-explosives-at-port-documents-idUSKCN2562L7<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>National News Agency<\/em>, 31 August 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en\/show-news\/119518\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en\/show-news\/119518\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u061b<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>The Washington Post<\/em>, 31 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/beirut-blasts-probe-ammonium-nitrate\/2020\/08\/30\/d3c20ad0-e3cd-11ea-82d8-5e55d47e90ca_story.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/beirut-blasts-probe-ammonium-nitrate\/2020\/08\/30\/d3c20ad0-e3cd-11ea-82d8-5e55d47e90ca_story.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_14').tooltip({ tip: 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The World Bank, Lebanon Economic Monitor, Spring 2015, p. 24, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/21761\/958590WP00PUBL0431B0LEM0Spring02015.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/21761\/958590WP00PUBL0431B0LEM0Spring02015.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/u>; <em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 27 June 2013.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], 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\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_46');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_46');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">46<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_46\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jeremy Arbid, \u201cLebanon\u2019s Christians are opposing the expansion of Beirut Port \u2013 for unclear reasons,\u201d <em>Executive<\/em>, 12 May 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.executive-magazine.com\/economics-policy\/beirut-port-holy-waters\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.executive-magazine.com\/economics-policy\/beirut-port-holy-waters<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> 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\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_48');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_48');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">48<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_48\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 28 February 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/29677-appel-doffres-sur-la-gestion-du-terminal-du-port-de-beyrouth\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/29677-appel-doffres-sur-la-gestion-du-terminal-du-port-de-beyrouth<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_48').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_48', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_50');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_50');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">50<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_50\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">U.S. Department of the Treasury, \u201cTreasury Targets Hizballah\u2019s Enablers in Lebanon,\u201d 8 September 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm1116\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm1116<\/span><\/a>. 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href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=305739497315913\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=305739497315913<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_51').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_51', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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14,381 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0651. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 8 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/unifil.unmissions.org\/ar\/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unifil.unmissions.org\/ar\/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_54');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">54<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_54\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Wissam Harake and Christos Kostopoulos, <em>Strategic Assessment: A Capital Investment Plan for Lebanon, Investment Opportunities and Reforms<\/em>, (The World Bank, 6 April 2018), p. 49, <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RvxNCp\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RvxNCp<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_54').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_54', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 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class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">55<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_55\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The World Bank, <em>Lebanon Economic Monitor<\/em>, Fall 2019, p. 24, <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kl5oLK\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kl5oLK<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_55').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_55', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 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onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_56');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">56<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_56\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Bank, <em>Beirut Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment<\/em>, p. 49.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_56').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_56', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064e\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 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class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/al-akhbar.com\/Politics\/293330<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_57').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_57', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c 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<em>Institutional Reform Study for the Port of Beirut: Final Report<\/em>, (Highpoint-Rendel, 2000).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_59').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_59', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 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its Lebanese origins and current operations in the port of Beirut see: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cma-cgm.com\/local\/lebanon\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cma-cgm.com\/local\/lebanon<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_60').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_60', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c 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onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_61');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_61');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">61<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_61\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_62');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_14059_1('footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_62');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">62<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_62\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Laleh Khalili, \u201cBehind the explosion lies the lawless world of international shipping,\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, 8 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/aug\/08\/beirut-explosion-lawless-world-international-shipping-\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/aug\/08\/beirut-explosion-lawless-world-international-shipping-<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_62').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_14059_1_62', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0634\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0651\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629: &#8220;\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><em>*\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_14059_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_14059_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_14059_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_14059_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>The Daily Star<\/em>, 21 December 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/News\/Lebanon-News\/2019\/Dec-21\/497903-road-blocks-in-the-north-in-protest-against-diab.ashx\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/News\/Lebanon-News\/2019\/Dec-21\/497903-road-blocks-in-the-north-in-protest-against-diab.ashx<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">World Bank, <em>Beirut Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment<\/em>, (World Bank in cooperation with the European Union and the United Nations, August 2020), <a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/650091598854062180\/Beirut-Rapid-Damage-and-Needs-Assessment.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/650091598854062180\/Beirut-Rapid-Damage-and-Needs-Assessment.pdf<\/span><\/a>; <em>Reuters<\/em>, 30 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-crisis-blast-casualties-idUSKBN25Q08H\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-crisis-blast-casualties-idUSKBN25Q08H<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0651 (seismic reflection)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<em>Asia Times<\/em>, 28 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/asiatimes.com\/2020\/08\/lebanon-probes-procurement-of-death-ship-rhosus\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/asiatimes.com\/2020\/08\/lebanon-probes-procurement-of-death-ship-rhosus<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OCCRP, <em>A Hidden Tycoon, African Explosives, and a Loan from a Notorious Bank: Questionable Connections Surround Beirut Explosion Shipment<\/em>, 21 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/investigations\/a-hidden-tycoon-african-explosives-and-a-loan-from-a-notorious-bank-questionable-connections-surround-beirut-explosion-shipment\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/investigations\/a-hidden-tycoon-african-explosives-and-a-loan-from-a-notorious-bank-questionable-connections-surround-beirut-explosion-shipment<\/span><\/a>; <em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 31 August 2020, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30024-transport-et-stockage-de-matieres-dangereuses-que-dit-la-reglementation-internationale-\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30024-transport-et-stockage-de-matieres-dangereuses-que-dit-la-reglementation-internationale-<\/span><\/a>. <\/u>\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <em>Asia Times<\/em>, 28 August 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>The Washington Post<\/em>, 11 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/un-sending-wheat-flour-to-lebanon-to-stabilize-food-supply-destroyed-by-blasts\/2020\/08\/11\/7c550498-db24-11ea-b4f1-25b762cdbbf4_story.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/un-sending-wheat-flour-to-lebanon-to-stabilize-food-supply-destroyed-by-blasts\/2020\/08\/11\/7c550498-db24-11ea-b4f1-25b762cdbbf4_story.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 4 September 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30030-de-larrivee-du-rhosus-a-lexplosion-du-port-chronique-dune-catastrophe-annoncee\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30030-de-larrivee-du-rhosus-a-lexplosion-du-port-chronique-dune-catastrophe-annoncee<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Reuters<\/em>, 5 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-security-blast-warehouse\/initial-investigations-point-to-negligence-as-cause-of-beirut-blast-source-idUSKCN2511G7\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-security-blast-warehouse\/initial-investigations-point-to-negligence-as-cause-of-beirut-blast-source-idUSKCN2511G7<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">OCCRP, 21 August 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 4 September 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Reuters<\/em>, 10 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-security-blast-documents-excl\/exclusive-lebanons-leaders-were-warned-in-july-about-explosives-at-port-documents-idUSKCN2562L7\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-security-blast-documents-excl\/exclusive-lebanons-leaders-were-warned-in-july-about-explosives-at-port-documents-idUSKCN2562L7<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>National News Agency<\/em>, 31 August 2020, <a href=\"http:\/\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en\/show-news\/119518\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en\/show-news\/119518\/nna-leb.gov.lb\/en<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>The Washington Post<\/em>, 31 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/beirut-blasts-probe-ammonium-nitrate\/2020\/08\/30\/d3c20ad0-e3cd-11ea-82d8-5e55d47e90ca_story.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/beirut-blasts-probe-ammonium-nitrate\/2020\/08\/30\/d3c20ad0-e3cd-11ea-82d8-5e55d47e90ca_story.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 9 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 12\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623\u061f \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u00a0Mayssoun Sukarieh, \u201cBeirut Explosion: The Missing Lebanese Link,\u201d <em>Middle East Eye<\/em>, 3 September 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/opinion\/beirut-explosion-how-much-responsibility-lies-world-global-shipping\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/opinion\/beirut-explosion-how-much-responsibility-lies-world-global-shipping<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064e \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642). \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0636\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062d &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a 10 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">CEGPB<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c (\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 33 \u064881\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mndSnz\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mndSnz<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0626 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c 25 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1993.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a: \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637&#8221;\u060c (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 2000)\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 292-324. H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sallon and Laure Stephan, \u201cLiban La Troisieme mort du port de Beyrouth,\u201d <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 6-7 September 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2020\/09\/04\/liban-la-troisieme-mort-du-port-de-beyrouth_6050972_3210.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2020\/09\/04\/liban-la-troisieme-mort-du-port-de-beyrouth_6050972_3210.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">CIA, Lebanon\u2019s Ports: Gateways for Instability and Terrorism, (CIA Declassified, February 1987), <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RwsLFH\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RwsLFH<\/span><\/a>. \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 2012)\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 81 \u064883-85 \u064890.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c (\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 2016)\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 13 \u064823-24.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 91.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 189.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 12 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30004-la-vie-reprend-timidement-ses-droits-au-port-de-beyrouth\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/30004-la-vie-reprend-timidement-ses-droits-au-port-de-beyrouth<\/span><\/a>; <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 6-7 September 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 95.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 90-95.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 27 June 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/22219-la-gestion-du-port-de-beyrouth-du-provisoire-qui-dure\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/22219-la-gestion-du-port-de-beyrouth-du-provisoire-qui-dure<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 195.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The World Bank, Lebanon Economic Monitor, Spring 2015, p. 24, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/21761\/958590WP00PUBL0431B0LEM0Spring02015.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/21761\/958590WP00PUBL0431B0LEM0Spring02015.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/u>; <em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 27 June 2013.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u064e\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064e\u064a 6-7 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f <em>Le Monde<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651&#8221; \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Ishac Diwan and Jamal Ibrahim Haidar, \u201cClientelism, Cronyism and Job Creation in Lebanon,\u201d in: Adeel Malik, Adeel Malik and Izak Atiyas (eds), <em>Crony Capitalism in the Middle East: Business and Politics from Liberalization to the Arab Spring<\/em>, (Oxford University Press, 2019), p. 134.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 39-40.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 37-40.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 40.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 41.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 41.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 41-42.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_40');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Le Monde<\/em>, 6-7 September 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_41');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0629&#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 27 June 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/22217-corruption-une-pratique-qui-perdure\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/22217-corruption-une-pratique-qui-perdure<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_42');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>42<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_43');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>43<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 193-195.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_44');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>44<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hassan Kraytem, \u201cPresentation at the EU-Sponsored Euromed Transport Project,\u201d Marseilles, 7-8 July 2005.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_45');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>45<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u063a\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Sunniva Rose, \u201c\u2018Exactly Like the Mafia\u2019: Tangled Inner Workings of Beirut Port could trip up rebuilding Effort,\u201d <em>The <\/em>National, 6 September 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RvQR3t\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RvQR3t<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_46');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>46<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jeremy Arbid, \u201cLebanon\u2019s Christians are opposing the expansion of Beirut Port \u2013 for unclear reasons,\u201d <em>Executive<\/em>, 12 May 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.executive-magazine.com\/economics-policy\/beirut-port-holy-waters\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.executive-magazine.com\/economics-policy\/beirut-port-holy-waters<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_47');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>47<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jeremy Arbid, \u201cThe Growing Battle over the Port of Beirut\u2019s Future,\u201d <em>Executive<\/em>, 23 July 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.executive-magazine.com\/economics-policy\/church-and-state\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.executive-magazine.com\/economics-policy\/church-and-state<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_48');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>48<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>Le Commerce du Levant<\/em>, 28 February 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/29677-appel-doffres-sur-la-gestion-du-terminal-du-port-de-beyrouth\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecommercedulevant.com\/article\/29677-appel-doffres-sur-la-gestion-du-terminal-du-port-de-beyrouth<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_49');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>49<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 (CIA)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 iv.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_50');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>50<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">U.S. Department of the Treasury, \u201cTreasury Targets Hizballah\u2019s Enablers in Lebanon,\u201d 8 September 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm1116\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm1116<\/span><\/a>. Finyanus is from the Marada party.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_51');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>51<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062c\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u064a\u0629: &#8220;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=305739497315913\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=305739497315913<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_52');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>52<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2006\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a 14,381 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0651. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 8 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/unifil.unmissions.org\/ar\/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/unifil.unmissions.org\/ar\/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_53');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>53<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>The National<\/em>, 10 April 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/world\/lebanon-makes-largest-ever-cannabis-drug-seizure-1.1004345\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/world\/lebanon-makes-largest-ever-cannabis-drug-seizure-1.1004345<\/span><\/a>; <em>Al Arabiyya News<\/em>, 10 July 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/News\/middle-east\/2014\/07\/10\/Lebanon\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/News\/middle-east\/2014\/07\/10\/Lebanon<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_54');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>54<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Wissam Harake and Christos Kostopoulos, <em>Strategic Assessment: A Capital Investment Plan for Lebanon, Investment Opportunities and Reforms<\/em>, (The World Bank, 6 April 2018), p. 49, <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RvxNCp\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2RvxNCp<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_55');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>55<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The World Bank, <em>Lebanon Economic Monitor<\/em>, Fall 2019, p. 24, <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kl5oLK\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kl5oLK<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_56');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>56<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">World Bank, <em>Beirut Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment<\/em>, p. 49.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_57');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>57<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 2 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/al-akhbar.com\/Politics\/293330\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/al-akhbar.com\/Politics\/293330<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_58');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>58<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Republic of Lebanon, <em>Council for Development and Reconstruction Progress Report<\/em>, January 1994, p. 23.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_59');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>59<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Highpoint-Rendel, <em>Institutional Reform Study for the Port of Beirut: Final Report<\/em>, (Highpoint-Rendel, 2000).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_60');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>60<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">On CMA CGM, its Lebanese origins and current operations in the port of Beirut see: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cma-cgm.com\/local\/lebanon\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cma-cgm.com\/local\/lebanon<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_61');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>61<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 The New York Times\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/08\/10\/world\/middleeast\/beirut-explosion-us-contractor.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/08\/10\/world\/middleeast\/beirut-explosion-us-contractor.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_14059_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_14059_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_14059_1_62');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>62<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Laleh Khalili, \u201cBehind the explosion lies the lawless world of international shipping,\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, 8 August 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/aug\/08\/beirut-explosion-lawless-world-international-shipping-\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/aug\/08\/beirut-explosion-lawless-world-international-shipping-<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_14059_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_14059_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_14059_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_14059_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_14059_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_14059_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_14059_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_14059_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_14059_1(); } else { 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