{"id":10673,"date":"2020-05-20T16:54:27","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T14:54:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=10673"},"modified":"2020-05-29T15:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-05-29T13:42:15","slug":"%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%ad-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%b5-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b0%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/publication\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%ad-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%b5-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b0%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0632\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062e\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/02\/19\/tunisia-s-geography-of-anger-regional-inequalities-and-rise-of-populism-pub-81086\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/02\/19\/tunisia-s-geography-of-anger-regional-inequalities-and-rise-of-populism-pub-81086<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/tunisie-qui-paie-le-prix-du-coronavirus,3784\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/tunisie-qui-paie-le-prix-du-coronavirus,3784<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2XgGP8C\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2XgGP8C<\/span><\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2019\/08\/11\/premier-jour-de-laid-plusieurs-regions-sans-eau-potable\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2019\/08\/11\/premier-jour-de-laid-plusieurs-regions-sans-eau-potable\/<\/span><\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/africanmanager.com\/tunisie-coronavirus-les-oublies-confines-ont-soifune-bombe-a-retardement\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/africanmanager.com\/tunisie-coronavirus-les-oublies-confines-ont-soifune-bombe-a-retardement\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u00a0 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordbusinessgroup.com\/overview\/path-recovery-investments-are-aimed-overhauling-public-health-system\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/oxfordbusinessgroup.com\/overview\/path-recovery-investments-are-aimed-overhauling-public-health-system<\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 200 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629..<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=25&amp;v=rjoEjkl76FI&amp;feature=emb_title\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=25&amp;v=rjoEjkl76FI&amp;feature=emb_title<\/span><\/a> \u0648<u><a href=\"https:\/\/ftdes.net\/ar\/femmes-agricole\/?fbclid=IwAR1V2moTBslD65mpuO1QmlOMC73Pz71msDUT8nDxraB9FGWcqrMU_CSUpLQ\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ftdes.net\/ar\/femmes-agricole\/?fbclid=IwAR1V2moTBslD65mpuO1QmlOMC73Pz71msDUT8nDxraB9FGWcqrMU_CSUpLQ<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 4.3%\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020.. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2020\/04\/10\/pr20144-tunisia-imf-executive-board-approves-a-us-745m-disbursement-address-covid19-pandemic\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2020\/04\/10\/pr20144-tunisia-imf-executive-board-approves-a-us-745m-disbursement-address-covid19-pandemic<\/span><\/a>. \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0628\u06406340 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. <a href=\"http:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/COVID-AZ19.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/COVID-AZ19.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0623\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062e <a href=\"https:\/\/tunivisions.net\/38463\/discours-integral-du-chef-du-gouvernement-elyes-fakhfakh-prononce-jeudi-devant-le-parlement\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tunivisions.net\/38463\/discours-integral-du-chef-du-gouvernement-elyes-fakhfakh-prononce-jeudi-devant-le-parlement\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2Zpqb9F\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2Zpqb9F<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 -\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647- \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/fr\/decryptages\/face-au-covid-19-la-difficile-mobilisation-du-secteur-prive-tunisien-0\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/fr\/decryptages\/face-au-covid-19-la-difficile-mobilisation-du-secteur-prive-tunisien-0<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/lessentiel-de-linterview-delyes-fakhfakh,520,97678,3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/lessentiel-de-linterview-delyes-fakhfakh,520,97678,3<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/08\/opinion\/tunisia-economy-essebsi-ennahda.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/08\/opinion\/tunisia-economy-essebsi-ennahda.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629: \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 92% \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 44% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 8% \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0Fay\u00e7al Zidi,\u00a0<em>Politiques \u00e9conomiques et disparit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales en Tunisie : une analyse en \u00e9quilibre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral micro-stimul\u00e9<\/em>, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne nouvelle Paris III, 2013, (PhD Thesis), available at\u00a0<u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr\/tel-00965133\/document<\/span><\/u>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0Nucifora, A., Churchill, E., &amp; Rijkers, B. (2015). Cronyism, corruption, and the Arab Spring: The case of Tunisia. <em>2015 Index of Economic Freedom<\/em>, 47-56.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0Hamza Meddeb, \u201cPeripheral Vision: How Europe can help preserve Tunisia\u2019s fragile democracy\u201d 13 January 2017, ECFR, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621: \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 90% \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/795041468778188072\/Tunisia-Private-sector-assessment\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/795041468778188072\/Tunisia-Private-sector-assessment<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0Hamza Meddeb, \u201cPeripheral Vision: How Europe can help preserve Tunisia\u2019s fragile democracy\u201d 13 January 2017, ECFR, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 -\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2011 (\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0(Bellin 1994 ; Cassarino 2004 ; Hibou 2006 ; 2008<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> ) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/erf.org.eg\/publications\/the-political-economy-of-business-elites-in-tunisia-actors-strategies-and-identities\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/erf.org.eg\/publications\/the-political-economy-of-business-elites-in-tunisia-actors-strategies-and-identities\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0628 &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 &#8220;\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 &#8220;\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0647 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0638&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwatch.tn\/ar\/article\/61\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.iwatch.tn\/ar\/article\/61<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0Nabli, Moustapha Kamel. J&#8217;y Crois Toujours. Sud-Edition, 2019<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-tunisia-economy-insight\/ghost-workers-sap-tunisias-phosphate-wealth-idUSKCN1QO14H?il=0\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-tunisia-economy-insight\/ghost-workers-sap-tunisias-phosphate-wealth-idUSKCN1QO14H?il=0<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2017 \u06482019\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 25 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0623\u064a\u0651 8.7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 53% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tunisienumerique.com\/tunisie-levasion-fiscale-seleve-a-25-milliards-de-dinars\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tunisienumerique.com\/tunisie-levasion-fiscale-seleve-a-25-milliards-de-dinars\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 30% \u0625\u0644\u0649 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2010 \u06482018.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2002 \u06482009.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/658461468312323813\/pdf\/861790DPR0P12800Box385314B00PUBLIC0.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/658461468312323813\/pdf\/861790DPR0P12800Box385314B00PUBLIC0.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Rijkers, Bob, Leila Baghdadi and Gael Raball and. 2015. \u2018Political Connections and Tariff Evasion Evidence from Tunisia\u2019. World Bank Economic Review, 1-34.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a (697 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: 750 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 (261 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648300 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 (104 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a\u060c \u0648450 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 (156 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 (173 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conect.org.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/Pr%C2%82sentation%20visuelle.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.conect.org.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/Pr%C2%82sentation%20visuelle.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_31');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">31<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/dec\/05\/eu-blacklist-names-17-tax-havens-and-puts-caymans-and-jersey-on-notice\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/dec\/05\/eu-blacklist-names-17-tax-havens-and-puts-caymans-and-jersey-on-notice<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_32');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_32');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">32<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_32\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/fr\/2018\/01\/19\/limites-systeme-offshore-tunisie\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/fr\/2018\/01\/19\/limites-systeme-offshore-tunisie\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_32').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_32', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_33');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_33');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">33<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_33\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_33').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_33', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 (UGTT)\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">34<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Ben Hamza, Fatene. \u201cUGTT and Tunisian Government: A Powerful (Dis)union?\u201d Mimeo, Columbia University, 2019.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 53% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_35');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_35');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">35<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---dgreports\/---dcomm\/documents\/publication\/wcms_626831.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;dgreports\/&#8212;dcomm\/documents\/publication\/wcms_626831.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 43% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0646\u062d\u0648 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_36');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_36');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">36<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Protection sociale et \u00e9conomie informelle en Tunisie. D\u00e9fis de la transition vers l\u2019\u00e9conomie formelle, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cres.tn\/uploads\/tx_wdbiblio\/Secteur_informel_Tunisie.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.cres.tn\/uploads\/tx_wdbiblio\/Secteur_informel_Tunisie.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 15.3% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 15 \u0625\u0644\u0649 29 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u064838.8% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_37');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_37');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">37<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_37\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (2015): \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 <a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/753151468312307987\/pdf\/892330WP0REVIS0Box385377B000PUBLIC0.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/753151468312307987\/pdf\/892330WP0REVIS0Box385377B000PUBLIC0.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_37').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_37', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_38');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_38');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">38<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/33205\/restructuration-des-caisses-sociales-maintenant-ou-jamais\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/33205\/restructuration-des-caisses-sociales-maintenant-ou-jamais\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_39');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_39');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">39<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_39\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0US Department of State (2018): Tunisia 2017 Human Rights Report, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/265734.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/265734.pdf<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 16\/06\/2018; Danish Trade Council for International Development Cooperation (2016): Labour Market Profile: Tunisia, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulandssekretariatet.dk\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/public\/PDF\/LMP\/lmp_tunisia_2016_final.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.ulandssekretariatet.dk\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/public\/PDF\/LMP\/lmp_tunisia_2016_final.pdf<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0 13\/06\/2018.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 230 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_40');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_40');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">40<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_40\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/textile.fr.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/textile.fr.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_40').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_40', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0640\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_41');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_41');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">41<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_41\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/HiiL-Tunisia-JNST-English-web.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.hiil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/HiiL-Tunisia-JNST-English-web.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_41').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_41', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 93,500 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 377 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u062c\u0644.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_42');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_42');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">42<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_42\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2019\/11\/19\/441491\/tunisie-pres-de-70-des-travailleuses-agricoles-nont-pas-de-couverture-sociale\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2019\/11\/19\/441491\/tunisie-pres-de-70-des-travailleuses-agricoles-nont-pas-de-couverture-sociale\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_42').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_42', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_43');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_43');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">43<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_43\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ins.nat.tn\/fr\/publication\/enqu%C3%AAte-nationale-sur-l%E2%80%99emploi-2012\">Tunisian National Institute of Statistics<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_43').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_43', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 20% \u064830%. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 50% \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_44');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_44');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">44<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_44\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.equaltimes.org\/tunisia-s-slow-but-steady-march?lang=en#.XsBnkRNKgdU\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.equaltimes.org\/tunisia-s-slow-but-steady-march?lang=en#.XsBnkRNKgdU<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_44').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_44', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 47% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_45');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_45');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">45<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_45\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/remi\/9244\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/remi\/9244<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_45').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_45', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_46');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_46');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">46<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_46\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ftdes.net\/pour-une-politique-migratoire-tunisienne-inclusive-et-protectrice-des-droits\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ftdes.net\/pour-une-politique-migratoire-tunisienne-inclusive-et-protectrice-des-droits\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_46').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_46', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u06a4\u064a\u062f- 19<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 2. 5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0623\u064a\u0651 876 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_47');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_47');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">47<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_47\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ilacnet.org\/2020\/04\/29\/covid-19-and-tunisia-socio-economic-challenges-in-a-young-democracy\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ilacnet.org\/2020\/04\/29\/covid-19-and-tunisia-socio-economic-challenges-in-a-young-democracy\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_47').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_47', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 300 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a 14 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 1,5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_48');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_48');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">48<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_48\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/documents\/2020\/TUNISIA\/tunisia_private_sector_agreement_april_2020.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/documents\/2020\/TUNISIA\/tunisia_private_sector_agreement_april_2020.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_48').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_48', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 200 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 (\u0623\u064a\u0651 63 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648) \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_49');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_49');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">49<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_49\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 2 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2020 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 14 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_49').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_49', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 150 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 (52 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a) \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 260 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648464 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648382 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648121 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648286 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_50');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_50');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">50<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_50\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/02\/tunisie-les-modalites-pour-obtenir-la-2eme-tranche-daides-sociales\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/02\/tunisie-les-modalites-pour-obtenir-la-2eme-tranche-daides-sociales\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_50').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_50', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_51');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_51');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">51<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_51\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.finances.gov.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-03\/com_coronavirus_01.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.finances.gov.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-03\/com_coronavirus_01.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_51').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_51', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0630\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0645 20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2020\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628&#8221;. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u064f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_52');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_52');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">52<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_52\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2020\/05\/14\/450237\/tunisie-btp-nous-appelons-letat-a-assurer-son-role-dinvestisseur-locomotive-indique-jamel-ksibi\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2020\/05\/14\/450237\/tunisie-btp-nous-appelons-letat-a-assurer-son-role-dinvestisseur-locomotive-indique-jamel-ksibi\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_52').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_52', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: (1) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u06a4\u064a\u062f -19. (2) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u062a&#8221; \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_53');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_53');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">53<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_53\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.espacemanager.com\/la-conect-rejette-laccord-sur-le-versement-des-salaires-davril-pour-les-salaries-du-prive.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.espacemanager.com\/la-conect-rejette-laccord-sur-le-versement-des-salaires-davril-pour-les-salaries-du-prive.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_53').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_53', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2020 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_54');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_54');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">54<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_54\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utica.org.tn\/upload\/1586770728.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.utica.org.tn\/upload\/1586770728.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_54').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_54', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 230 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 114,677 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 &#8211; \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (APTBEF) \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 112 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_55');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_55');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">55<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_55\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apbt.org.tn\/wp%20content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/90796437_3098652773486923_1892763504339845120_n.jpg\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.apbt.org.tn\/wp%20content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/90796437_3098652773486923_1892763504339845120_n.jpg<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_55').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_55', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2020\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 1818\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 81.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 8 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629: \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_56');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_56');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">56<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_56\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2017\/11\/10\/ar-pub-74696\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2017\/11\/10\/ar-pub-74696<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_56').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_56', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647- \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_57');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_57');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">57<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_57\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/11P5PxR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/11P5PxR<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_57').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_57', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_58');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_58');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">58<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_58\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/thd.tn\/coronavirus-38-des-entreprises-tic-tunisiennes-pensent-a-licencier\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/thd.tn\/coronavirus-38-des-entreprises-tic-tunisiennes-pensent-a-licencier\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_58').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_58', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (INLUCC) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2020 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_59');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_59');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">59<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_59\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inlucc.tn\/www.inlucc.tn\/index.php?id=121&amp;no_cache=1&amp;L=0&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2234&amp;cHash=dc34523fee9ae3edabb9f6b5bf057c6e\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.inlucc.tn\/www.inlucc.tn\/index.php?id=121&amp;no_cache=1&amp;L=0&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2234&amp;cHash=dc34523fee9ae3edabb9f6b5bf057c6e<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_59').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_59', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_60');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_60');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">60<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_60\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/crime\/922492\/thriving-corruption-under-crisis-where-and-how\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/crime\/922492\/thriving-corruption-under-crisis-where-and-how<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_60').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_60', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_61');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_61');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">61<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_61\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2020\/04\/20\/affaire-des-bavettes-elyes-fakhfakh-defend-fermement-le-ministre-de-lindustrie\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2020\/04\/20\/affaire-des-bavettes-elyes-fakhfakh-defend-fermement-le-ministre-de-lindustrie\/<\/span><\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/I.WATCH.Organization\/posts\/2825147890873088\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/I.WATCH.Organization\/posts\/2825147890873088<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_61').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_61', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_62');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_62');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">62<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_62\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecourrierdelatlas.com\/tunisie-la-guerre-anti-corruption-est-elle-passee-de-mode--23809\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecourrierdelatlas.com\/tunisie-la-guerre-anti-corruption-est-elle-passee-de-mode&#8211;23809<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_62').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_62', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635. \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_63');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_63');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_63\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">63<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_63\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/59516\/speculation-et-augmentation-des-prix-la-lutte-continue\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/59516\/speculation-et-augmentation-des-prix-la-lutte-continue\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_63').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_63', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0641 -\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642- \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_64');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_64');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_64\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">64<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_64\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.realites.com.tn\/2020\/04\/marche-de-protestation-des-affilies-de-lunion-tunisienne-des-taxis-individuels\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.realites.com.tn\/2020\/04\/marche-de-protestation-des-affilies-de-lunion-tunisienne-des-taxis-individuels\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_64').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_64', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 &#8220;\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0648\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_65');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_65');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_65\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">65<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_65\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 Corporate Social Responsibility: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/openaccess.city.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/6083\/1\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/openaccess.city.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/6083\/1\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_65').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_65', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_66');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_66');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_66\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">66<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_66\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_66').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_66', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_67');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_67');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_67\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">67<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_67\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3163242\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3163242<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_67').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_67', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_68');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_68');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_68\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">68<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_68\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Le-temps-de-la-solidarit%C3%A9-plut%C3%B4t-que-celui-de-la-discorde,526,96899,3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Le-temps-de-la-solidarit%C3%A9-plut%C3%B4t-que-celui-de-la-discorde,526,96899,3<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_68').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_68', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 (\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (INLUCC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_69');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_10673_1('footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_69');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_69\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">69<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_69\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/13\/tunisie-lancement-de-lidentifiant-unique-du-citoyen\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/13\/tunisie-lancement-de-lidentifiant-unique-du-citoyen\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_69').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_10673_1_69', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_10673_1();\">Endnotes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_10673_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_10673_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_10673_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Endnotes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/02\/19\/tunisia-s-geography-of-anger-regional-inequalities-and-rise-of-populism-pub-81086\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/02\/19\/tunisia-s-geography-of-anger-regional-inequalities-and-rise-of-populism-pub-81086<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/tunisie-qui-paie-le-prix-du-coronavirus,3784\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/orientxxi.info\/magazine\/tunisie-qui-paie-le-prix-du-coronavirus,3784<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2XgGP8C\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2XgGP8C<\/span><\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2019\/08\/11\/premier-jour-de-laid-plusieurs-regions-sans-eau-potable\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2019\/08\/11\/premier-jour-de-laid-plusieurs-regions-sans-eau-potable\/<\/span><\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/africanmanager.com\/tunisie-coronavirus-les-oublies-confines-ont-soifune-bombe-a-retardement\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/africanmanager.com\/tunisie-coronavirus-les-oublies-confines-ont-soifune-bombe-a-retardement\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u00a0 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordbusinessgroup.com\/overview\/path-recovery-investments-are-aimed-overhauling-public-health-system\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/oxfordbusinessgroup.com\/overview\/path-recovery-investments-are-aimed-overhauling-public-health-system<\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 200 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629..<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=25&amp;v=rjoEjkl76FI&amp;feature=emb_title\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=25&amp;v=rjoEjkl76FI&amp;feature=emb_title<\/span><\/a> \u0648<u><a href=\"https:\/\/ftdes.net\/ar\/femmes-agricole\/?fbclid=IwAR1V2moTBslD65mpuO1QmlOMC73Pz71msDUT8nDxraB9FGWcqrMU_CSUpLQ\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ftdes.net\/ar\/femmes-agricole\/?fbclid=IwAR1V2moTBslD65mpuO1QmlOMC73Pz71msDUT8nDxraB9FGWcqrMU_CSUpLQ<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 4.3%\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020.. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2020\/04\/10\/pr20144-tunisia-imf-executive-board-approves-a-us-745m-disbursement-address-covid19-pandemic\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2020\/04\/10\/pr20144-tunisia-imf-executive-board-approves-a-us-745m-disbursement-address-covid19-pandemic<\/span><\/a>. \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0628\u06406340 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. <a href=\"http:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/COVID-AZ19.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/COVID-AZ19.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062e <a href=\"https:\/\/tunivisions.net\/38463\/discours-integral-du-chef-du-gouvernement-elyes-fakhfakh-prononce-jeudi-devant-le-parlement\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/tunivisions.net\/38463\/discours-integral-du-chef-du-gouvernement-elyes-fakhfakh-prononce-jeudi-devant-le-parlement\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2Zpqb9F\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/2Zpqb9F<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/fr\/decryptages\/face-au-covid-19-la-difficile-mobilisation-du-secteur-prive-tunisien-0\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/fr\/decryptages\/face-au-covid-19-la-difficile-mobilisation-du-secteur-prive-tunisien-0<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/lessentiel-de-linterview-delyes-fakhfakh,520,97678,3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/lessentiel-de-linterview-delyes-fakhfakh,520,97678,3<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/08\/opinion\/tunisia-economy-essebsi-ennahda.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/08\/opinion\/tunisia-economy-essebsi-ennahda.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Fay\u00e7al Zidi,\u00a0<em>Politiques \u00e9conomiques et disparit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales en Tunisie : une analyse en \u00e9quilibre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral micro-stimul\u00e9<\/em>, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne nouvelle Paris III, 2013, (PhD Thesis), available at\u00a0<u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr\/tel-00965133\/document<\/span><\/u>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Nucifora, A., Churchill, E., &amp; Rijkers, B. (2015). Cronyism, corruption, and the Arab Spring: The case of Tunisia. <em>2015 Index of Economic Freedom<\/em>, 47-56.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/10.18449\/2019C13\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Hamza Meddeb, \u201cPeripheral Vision: How Europe can help preserve Tunisia\u2019s fragile democracy\u201d 13 January 2017, ECFR, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/publication\/tunisias-upcoming-challenge-fixing-the-economy-before-its-too-late\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/795041468778188072\/Tunisia-Private-sector-assessment\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/795041468778188072\/Tunisia-Private-sector-assessment<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Hamza Meddeb, \u201cPeripheral Vision: How Europe can help preserve Tunisia\u2019s fragile democracy\u201d 13 January 2017, ECFR, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0(Bellin 1994 ; Cassarino 2004 ; Hibou 2006 ; 2008<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/erf.org.eg\/publications\/the-political-economy-of-business-elites-in-tunisia-actors-strategies-and-identities\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/erf.org.eg\/publications\/the-political-economy-of-business-elites-in-tunisia-actors-strategies-and-identities\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0638&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwatch.tn\/ar\/article\/61\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.iwatch.tn\/ar\/article\/61<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0Nabli, Moustapha Kamel. J&#8217;y Crois Toujours. Sud-Edition, 2019<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-tunisia-economy-insight\/ghost-workers-sap-tunisias-phosphate-wealth-idUSKCN1QO14H?il=0\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-tunisia-economy-insight\/ghost-workers-sap-tunisias-phosphate-wealth-idUSKCN1QO14H?il=0<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tunisienumerique.com\/tunisie-levasion-fiscale-seleve-a-25-milliards-de-dinars\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.tunisienumerique.com\/tunisie-levasion-fiscale-seleve-a-25-milliards-de-dinars\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/658461468312323813\/pdf\/861790DPR0P12800Box385314B00PUBLIC0.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/658461468312323813\/pdf\/861790DPR0P12800Box385314B00PUBLIC0.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Rijkers, Bob, Leila Baghdadi and Gael Raball and. 2015. \u2018Political Connections and Tariff Evasion Evidence from Tunisia\u2019. World Bank Economic Review, 1-34.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conect.org.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/Pr%C2%82sentation%20visuelle.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.conect.org.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/Pr%C2%82sentation%20visuelle.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/dec\/05\/eu-blacklist-names-17-tax-havens-and-puts-caymans-and-jersey-on-notice\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/dec\/05\/eu-blacklist-names-17-tax-havens-and-puts-caymans-and-jersey-on-notice<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/fr\/2018\/01\/19\/limites-systeme-offshore-tunisie\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/inkyfada.com\/fr\/2018\/01\/19\/limites-systeme-offshore-tunisie\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/peripheral_vision_how_europe_can_preserve_tunisias_democracy_7215<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Ben Hamza, Fatene. \u201cUGTT and Tunisian Government: A Powerful (Dis)union?\u201d Mimeo, Columbia University, 2019.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---dgreports\/---dcomm\/documents\/publication\/wcms_626831.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;dgreports\/&#8212;dcomm\/documents\/publication\/wcms_626831.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Protection sociale et \u00e9conomie informelle en Tunisie. D\u00e9fis de la transition vers l\u2019\u00e9conomie formelle, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cres.tn\/uploads\/tx_wdbiblio\/Secteur_informel_Tunisie.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.cres.tn\/uploads\/tx_wdbiblio\/Secteur_informel_Tunisie.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (2015): \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 <a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/753151468312307987\/pdf\/892330WP0REVIS0Box385377B000PUBLIC0.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/753151468312307987\/pdf\/892330WP0REVIS0Box385377B000PUBLIC0.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/33205\/restructuration-des-caisses-sociales-maintenant-ou-jamais\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/33205\/restructuration-des-caisses-sociales-maintenant-ou-jamais\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0US Department of State (2018): Tunisia 2017 Human Rights Report, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/265734.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/265734.pdf<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 16\/06\/2018; Danish Trade Council for International Development Cooperation (2016): Labour Market Profile: Tunisia, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulandssekretariatet.dk\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/public\/PDF\/LMP\/lmp_tunisia_2016_final.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.ulandssekretariatet.dk\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/public\/PDF\/LMP\/lmp_tunisia_2016_final.pdf<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0 13\/06\/2018.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_40');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/textile.fr.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ftdes.net\/rapports\/textile.fr.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_41');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/HiiL-Tunisia-JNST-English-web.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.hiil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/HiiL-Tunisia-JNST-English-web.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_42\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_42');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>42<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2019\/11\/19\/441491\/tunisie-pres-de-70-des-travailleuses-agricoles-nont-pas-de-couverture-sociale\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2019\/11\/19\/441491\/tunisie-pres-de-70-des-travailleuses-agricoles-nont-pas-de-couverture-sociale\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_43\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_43');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>43<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ins.nat.tn\/fr\/publication\/enqu%C3%AAte-nationale-sur-l%E2%80%99emploi-2012\">Tunisian National Institute of Statistics<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_44\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_44');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>44<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.equaltimes.org\/tunisia-s-slow-but-steady-march?lang=en#.XsBnkRNKgdU\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.equaltimes.org\/tunisia-s-slow-but-steady-march?lang=en#.XsBnkRNKgdU<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_45\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_45');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>45<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/remi\/9244\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/remi\/9244<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_46\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_46');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>46<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ftdes.net\/pour-une-politique-migratoire-tunisienne-inclusive-et-protectrice-des-droits\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ftdes.net\/pour-une-politique-migratoire-tunisienne-inclusive-et-protectrice-des-droits\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_47\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_47');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>47<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ilacnet.org\/2020\/04\/29\/covid-19-and-tunisia-socio-economic-challenges-in-a-young-democracy\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/ilacnet.org\/2020\/04\/29\/covid-19-and-tunisia-socio-economic-challenges-in-a-young-democracy\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_48\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_48');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>48<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/documents\/2020\/TUNISIA\/tunisia_private_sector_agreement_april_2020.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/documents\/2020\/TUNISIA\/tunisia_private_sector_agreement_april_2020.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_49\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_49');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>49<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 2 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2020 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 14 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_50\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_50');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>50<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/02\/tunisie-les-modalites-pour-obtenir-la-2eme-tranche-daides-sociales\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/02\/tunisie-les-modalites-pour-obtenir-la-2eme-tranche-daides-sociales\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_51\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_51');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>51<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.finances.gov.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-03\/com_coronavirus_01.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.finances.gov.tn\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-03\/com_coronavirus_01.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_52\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_52');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>52<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2020\/05\/14\/450237\/tunisie-btp-nous-appelons-letat-a-assurer-son-role-dinvestisseur-locomotive-indique-jamel-ksibi\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/2020\/05\/14\/450237\/tunisie-btp-nous-appelons-letat-a-assurer-son-role-dinvestisseur-locomotive-indique-jamel-ksibi\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_53\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_53');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>53<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.espacemanager.com\/la-conect-rejette-laccord-sur-le-versement-des-salaires-davril-pour-les-salaries-du-prive.html\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.espacemanager.com\/la-conect-rejette-laccord-sur-le-versement-des-salaires-davril-pour-les-salaries-du-prive.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_54\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_54');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>54<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utica.org.tn\/upload\/1586770728.pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.utica.org.tn\/upload\/1586770728.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_55\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_55');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>55<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apbt.org.tn\/wp%20content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/90796437_3098652773486923_1892763504339845120_n.jpg\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.apbt.org.tn\/wp%20content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/90796437_3098652773486923_1892763504339845120_n.jpg<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_56\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_56');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>56<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2017\/11\/10\/ar-pub-74696\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2017\/11\/10\/ar-pub-74696<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_57\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_57');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>57<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/11P5PxR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/11P5PxR<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_58\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_58');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>58<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/thd.tn\/coronavirus-38-des-entreprises-tic-tunisiennes-pensent-a-licencier\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/thd.tn\/coronavirus-38-des-entreprises-tic-tunisiennes-pensent-a-licencier\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_59\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_59');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>59<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inlucc.tn\/www.inlucc.tn\/index.php?id=121&amp;no_cache=1&amp;L=0&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2234&amp;cHash=dc34523fee9ae3edabb9f6b5bf057c6e\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.inlucc.tn\/www.inlucc.tn\/index.php?id=121&amp;no_cache=1&amp;L=0&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2234&amp;cHash=dc34523fee9ae3edabb9f6b5bf057c6e<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_60\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_60');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>60<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/crime\/922492\/thriving-corruption-under-crisis-where-and-how\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mondaq.com\/turkey\/crime\/922492\/thriving-corruption-under-crisis-where-and-how<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_61\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_61');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>61<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2020\/04\/20\/affaire-des-bavettes-elyes-fakhfakh-defend-fermement-le-ministre-de-lindustrie\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2020\/04\/20\/affaire-des-bavettes-elyes-fakhfakh-defend-fermement-le-ministre-de-lindustrie\/<\/span><\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/I.WATCH.Organization\/posts\/2825147890873088\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/I.WATCH.Organization\/posts\/2825147890873088<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_62\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_62');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>62<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecourrierdelatlas.com\/tunisie-la-guerre-anti-corruption-est-elle-passee-de-mode--23809\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lecourrierdelatlas.com\/tunisie-la-guerre-anti-corruption-est-elle-passee-de-mode&#8211;23809<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_63\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_63');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>63<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/59516\/speculation-et-augmentation-des-prix-la-lutte-continue\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/lapresse.tn\/59516\/speculation-et-augmentation-des-prix-la-lutte-continue\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_64\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_64');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>64<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.realites.com.tn\/2020\/04\/marche-de-protestation-des-affilies-de-lunion-tunisienne-des-taxis-individuels\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.realites.com.tn\/2020\/04\/marche-de-protestation-des-affilies-de-lunion-tunisienne-des-taxis-individuels\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_65\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_65');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>65<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 Corporate Social Responsibility: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/openaccess.city.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/6083\/1\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/openaccess.city.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/6083\/1\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_66\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_66');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>66<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_67\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_67');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>67<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3163242\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3163242<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_68\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_68');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>68<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Le-temps-de-la-solidarit%C3%A9-plut%C3%B4t-que-celui-de-la-discorde,526,96899,3\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Le-temps-de-la-solidarit%C3%A9-plut%C3%B4t-que-celui-de-la-discorde,526,96899,3<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_10673_1_69\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_10673_1_69');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>69<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/13\/tunisie-lancement-de-lidentifiant-unique-du-citoyen\/\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/2020\/05\/13\/tunisie-lancement-de-lidentifiant-unique-du-citoyen\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_10673_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_10673_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_10673_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_10673_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_10673_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_10673_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_10673_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_10673_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_10673_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_10673_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_10673_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_10673_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_10673_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_10673_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"featured_media":10605,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[22],"tags":[174,296,15,238],"class_list":["post-10673","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-22","tag-174","tag-296","tag-15","tag-238"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/10673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/10673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10695,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/10673\/revisions\/10695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ari26.arabregionhub.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}